Global subterranean estuaries modify groundwater nutrient loading to the ocean

IF 5.1 2区地球科学 Q1 LIMNOLOGY

Limnology and Oceanography Letters Pub Date : 2024-05-16 DOI:10.1002/lol2.10390

Stephanie J. Wilson, Amy Moody, Tristan McKenzie, M. Bayani Cardenas, Elco Luijendijk, Audrey H. Sawyer, Alicia Wilson, Holly A. Michael, Bochao Xu, Karen L. Knee, Hyung-Mi Cho, Yishai Weinstein, Adina Paytan, Nils Moosdorf, Chen-Tung Aurthur Chen, Melanie Beck, Cody Lopez, Dorina Murgulet, Guebuem Kim, Mathew A. Charette, Hannelore Waska, J. Severino P. Ibánhez, Gwénaëlle Chaillou, Till Oehler, Shin-ichi Onodera, Mitsuyo Saito, Valenti Rodellas, Natasha Dimova, Daniel Montiel, Henrietta Dulai, Christina Richardson, Jinzhou Du, Eric Petermann, Xiaogang Chen, Kay L. Davis, Sebastien Lamontagne, Ryo Sugimoto, Guizhi Wang, Hailong Li, Américo I. Torres, Cansu Demir, Emily Bristol, Craig T. Connolly, James W. McClelland, Brenno J. Silva, Douglas Tait, BSK Kumar, R. Viswanadham, VVSS Sarma, Emmanoel Silva-Filho, Alan Shiller, Alanna Lecher, Joseph Tamborski, Henry Bokuniewicz, Carlos Rocha, Anja Reckhardt, Michael Ernst Böttcher, Shan Jiang, Thomas Stieglitz, Houégnon Géraud Vinel Gbewezoun, Céline Charbonnier, Pierre Anschutz, Laura M. Hernández-Terrones, Suresh Babu, Beata Szymczycha, Mahmood Sadat-Noori, Felipe Niencheski, Kimberly Null, Craig Tobias, Bongkeun Song, Iris C. Anderson, Isaac R. Santos

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Abstract

Terrestrial groundwater travels through subterranean estuaries before reaching the sea. Groundwater-derived nutrients drive coastal water quality, primary production, and eutrophication. We determined how dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP), and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) are transformed within subterranean estuaries and estimated submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) nutrient loads compiling > 10,000 groundwater samples from 216 sites worldwide. Nutrients exhibited complex, nonconservative behavior in subterranean estuaries. Fresh groundwater DIN and DIP are usually produced, and DON is consumed during transport. Median total SGD (saline and fresh) fluxes globally were 5.4, 2.6, and 0.18 Tmol yr⁻¹ for DIN, DON, and DIP, respectively. Despite large natural variability, total SGD fluxes likely exceed global riverine nutrient export. Fresh SGD is a small source of new nutrients, but saline SGD is an important source of mostly recycled nutrients. Nutrients exported via SGD via subterranean estuaries are critical to coastal biogeochemistry and a significant nutrient source to the oceans.

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全球地下河口改变了地下水对海洋的营养负荷

陆地地下水流经地下河口，然后流入大海。地下水中的营养物质会影响沿岸水质、初级生产和富营养化。我们确定了溶解性无机氮（DIN）、溶解性无机磷（DIP）和溶解性有机氮（DON）在地下河口内的转化过程，并对海底地下水排放（SGD）养分负荷进行了估算。营养物质在地下河口表现出复杂的非保守行为。淡水地下水通常会产生 DIN 和 DIP，而 DON 则会在运输过程中被消耗掉。在全球范围内，DIN、DON 和 DIP 的总 SGD（含盐和新鲜）通量中位数分别为 5.4、2.6 和 0.18 Tmol yr-1。尽管自然变化很大，但 SGD 的总通量很可能超过了全球河流养分输出量。新鲜 SGD 是新养分的少量来源，但盐渍 SGD 则是大部分循环养分的重要来源。在全球海洋观测系统中，海洋观测系统是一个重要的营养源。

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来源期刊

Limnology and Oceanography Letters Multiple-

CiteScore

10.00

自引率

3.80%

发文量

审稿时长

25 weeks

期刊介绍： Limnology and Oceanography Letters (LO-Letters) serves as a platform for communicating the latest innovative and trend-setting research in the aquatic sciences. Manuscripts submitted to LO-Letters are expected to present high-impact, cutting-edge results, discoveries, or conceptual developments across all areas of limnology and oceanography, including their integration. Selection criteria for manuscripts include their broad relevance to the field, strong empirical and conceptual foundations, succinct and elegant conclusions, and potential to advance knowledge in aquatic sciences.