Natronospira bacteriovora sp. nov., and Natronospira elongata sp. nov., extremely salt-tolerant predatory proteolytic bacteria from soda lakes and proposal to classify the genus Natronospira into Natronospiraceae fam. nov., and Natronospirales ord. nov., within the class Gammaproteobacteria

IF 4.3 3区材料科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

ACS Applied Electronic Materials Pub Date : 2024-05-15 DOI:10.1016/j.syapm.2024.126519

Dimitry Y. Sorokin , Alexander Y. Merkel , Tatyana V. Kolganova , Nicole J. Bale , Jaap S. Sinninghe Damsté

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Abstract

The genus Natronospira is represented by a single species of extremely salt-tolerant aerobic alkaliphilic proteolytic bacterium, isolated from hypersaline soda lakes. When cells of Gram-positive cocci were used as a substrate instead of proteins at extremely haloalkaline conditions, two new members of this genus were enriched and isolated in pure culture from the same sites. Strains AB-CW1 and AB-CW4 are obligate aerobic heterotrophic proteolytic bacteria able to feed on both live and dead cells of staphylococci and a range of proteins and peptides. Similar to the type species, N. proteinivora, the isolates are extremely salt-tolerant obligate alkaliphiles. However, N. proteinivora was unable to use bacterial cells as a substrate. Electron microscopy showed direct contact between the prey and predator cells. Functional analysis of the AB-CW1 and AB-CW4 genomes identified two sets of genes coding for extracellular enzymes potentially involved in the predation and proteolysis, respectively. The first set includes several copies of lysozyme-like GH23 peptidoglycan-lyase and murein-specific M23 [Zn]-di-peptidase enabling the cell wall degradation. The second set features multiple copies of secreted serine and metallopeptidases apparently allowing for the strong proteolytic phenotype. Phylogenomic analysis placed the isolates into the genus Natronospira as two novel species members, and furthermore indicated that this genus forms a deep-branching lineage of a new family (Natronospiraceae) and order (Natronospirales) within the class Gammaproteobacteria. On the basis of distinct phenotypic and genomic properties, strain AB-CW1^T (JCM 335396 = UQM 41579) is proposed to be classified as Natronospira elongata sp. nov., and AB-CW4^T (JCM 335397 = UQM 41580) as Natronospira bacteriovora sp. nov.

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Natronospira bacteriovora sp.nov.和 Natronospira elongata sp.nov.--来自苏打湖的极耐盐性掠夺性蛋白水解细菌，并建议将 Natronospira 属归入 Natronospiraceae fam.

Natronospira 属的代表菌种是一种极耐盐碱的需氧嗜碱性蛋白水解细菌，它是从高盐碱的苏打湖中分离出来的。在极高的卤碱性条件下，当用革兰氏阳性球菌的细胞代替蛋白质作为底物时，从同一地点的纯培养物中富集并分离出了该属的两个新成员。菌株 AB-CW1 和 AB-CW4 是必须需氧的异养蛋白水解细菌，能够以葡萄球菌的活细胞和死细胞以及一系列蛋白质和肽为食。与模式种蛋白噬菌体（N. proteinivora）相似，这些分离物也是极耐盐碱的嗜碱菌。然而，N. proteinivora 无法使用细菌细胞作为底物。电子显微镜显示，猎物细胞与捕食者细胞直接接触。对 AB-CW1 和 AB-CW4 基因组的功能分析发现了两组分别编码可能参与捕食和蛋白质分解的胞外酶的基因。第一组基因包括几个拷贝的溶菌酶样 GH23 肽聚糖水解酶和使细胞壁降解的 M23 [Zn]- 二肽酶。第二组具有多个分泌型丝氨酸肽酶和金属肽酶的拷贝，显然能产生强蛋白水解表型。系统发生组分析将这些分离物归入 Natronospira 属，成为两个新的物种成员，并进一步表明该属在伽马蛋白细菌类中形成了一个新科（Natronospiraceae）和新目（Natronospirales）的深支系。根据不同的表型和基因组特性，建议将菌株 AB-CW1T （JCM 335396 = UQM 41579）归类为 Natronospira elongata sp.nov.，将 AB-CW4T （JCM 335397 = UQM 41580）归类为 Natronospira bacteriovora sp.nov.。

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来源期刊

ACS Applied Electronic Materials Multiple-

CiteScore

7.20

自引率

4.30%

发文量

567