Magnetic-fluid-infiltrated bilaterally polished photonic crystal fiber with butterfly core for LSPR based magnetic field sensing via water based Fe3O4 magnetic fluid
{"title":"Magnetic-fluid-infiltrated bilaterally polished photonic crystal fiber with butterfly core for LSPR based magnetic field sensing via water based Fe3O4 magnetic fluid","authors":"Saadman Yasar , Mohammad Faisal","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2024.100652","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this manuscript, a sensor is devised employing photonic crystal fiber with localized surface plasmon resonance (PCF-LSPR), emphasizing the manipulation of refractive index (RI) through magnetic fluid (MF). The sensor's air holes adopt a hexagonal arrangement, forming a butterfly core design, and the transmission channels for the effective confinement of optical field energy relies significantly on the regions surrounding the central air hole in both directions. MF serves as the sensing medium, and the top and bottom polished surfaces are coated with gold and titanium dioxide. The sensor undergoes analysis using the finite element method, scrutinizing its model characteristics, structural parameters, and sensing performance. The results indicate a wavelength sensitivity of up to 45,600 <em>nm/RIU</em> and a maximum figure of merit (FOM) of 434 <span><math><msup><mi>RIU</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>. Within the range of magnetic field 30–150 <em>Oe</em>, the highest magnetic field sensitivity records 3350 <em>pm/Oe</em>. Over the temperature range of 27.4–114 °C, the temperature sensitivity measures only 310 pm/°C. A maximum sensor resolution of <span><math><mn>2.19</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>6</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> <em>RIU</em> is achieved for <em>x</em><span><math><mo>−</mo></math></span><em>pol</em>. The linear relationship between the resonant wavelength and the magnetic field yields <span><math><msup><mi>R</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>=</mo><mn>0.9945</mn></math></span>, for degree (2) for <em>x</em><span><math><mo>−</mo></math></span><em>pol</em>. The proposed sensor exhibits notable advantages, including a structure which is very stable, high sensitivity, ease of integration, and resilience to electromagnetic interference. Additionally, it excels in detecting weak magnetic fields. Its potential applications span from industrial production, military technology, to medical equipment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4000,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214180424000345/pdfft?md5=9c7ab1a4ef2e5d9ccaa8ed4e973b4c0e&pid=1-s2.0-S2214180424000345-main.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214180424000345","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
In this manuscript, a sensor is devised employing photonic crystal fiber with localized surface plasmon resonance (PCF-LSPR), emphasizing the manipulation of refractive index (RI) through magnetic fluid (MF). The sensor's air holes adopt a hexagonal arrangement, forming a butterfly core design, and the transmission channels for the effective confinement of optical field energy relies significantly on the regions surrounding the central air hole in both directions. MF serves as the sensing medium, and the top and bottom polished surfaces are coated with gold and titanium dioxide. The sensor undergoes analysis using the finite element method, scrutinizing its model characteristics, structural parameters, and sensing performance. The results indicate a wavelength sensitivity of up to 45,600 nm/RIU and a maximum figure of merit (FOM) of 434 . Within the range of magnetic field 30–150 Oe, the highest magnetic field sensitivity records 3350 pm/Oe. Over the temperature range of 27.4–114 °C, the temperature sensitivity measures only 310 pm/°C. A maximum sensor resolution of RIU is achieved for xpol. The linear relationship between the resonant wavelength and the magnetic field yields , for degree (2) for xpol. The proposed sensor exhibits notable advantages, including a structure which is very stable, high sensitivity, ease of integration, and resilience to electromagnetic interference. Additionally, it excels in detecting weak magnetic fields. Its potential applications span from industrial production, military technology, to medical equipment.
期刊介绍:
Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research is an open access journal dedicated to the research, design, development, and application of bio-sensing and sensing technologies. The editors will accept research papers, reviews, field trials, and validation studies that are of significant relevance. These submissions should describe new concepts, enhance understanding of the field, or offer insights into the practical application, manufacturing, and commercialization of bio-sensing and sensing technologies.
The journal covers a wide range of topics, including sensing principles and mechanisms, new materials development for transducers and recognition components, fabrication technology, and various types of sensors such as optical, electrochemical, mass-sensitive, gas, biosensors, and more. It also includes environmental, process control, and biomedical applications, signal processing, chemometrics, optoelectronic, mechanical, thermal, and magnetic sensors, as well as interface electronics. Additionally, it covers sensor systems and applications, µTAS (Micro Total Analysis Systems), development of solid-state devices for transducing physical signals, and analytical devices incorporating biological materials.