High-resolution mapping and multivariate technique (factor analysis) to support hydrogeochemical analysis and identification of surface water contamination

IF 3.4 2区 地球科学 Q1 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS
Daniela Vasconcelos Machado , Eduardo Duarte Marques , Eduardo Paim Viglio , Everton Assunção Martins dos Santos , Rafael Tarantino Amarante , Gerson Cardoso da Silva Júnior , Emmanoel Vieira Silva-Filho
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Abstract

The study presented a high-resolution regional mapping of a significant Brazilian watershed, which is heavily influenced by mining, agriculture, and domestic/industrial effluents. Upper São Francisco Basin encompasses the largest karst area in the country and includes three important Brazilian biomes: Cerrado, Atlantic Forest, and Caatinga. Surface water (1418 samples) was collected during the dry season and was analyzed for physical-chemical parameters, cations, anions, and some metals. The spatial distribution and abundance of variables were assessed, and the processes controlling the sources of dissolved loads in surface waters were discussed. The results indicate that rock weathering is the primary factor controlling water chemistry, with a strong influence of carbonate and silicate minerals. Anthropogenic activities, particularly agriculture, play a key role in the chemical composition of the microbasins. Soil erosion and leaching processes also contribute significantly to the region, driven by land use practices and mineral extraction, which intensify erosion processes. The northern sector of the Upper São Francisco Basin, characterized by an arid climate and Caatinga vegetation, experiences low precipitation and high evapotranspiration rates. The VG stands out due to the presence of the karst zone and for the mixture of natural to anthropogenic sources.

高分辨率绘图和多变量技术(因子分析)支持水文地质化学分析和地表水污染鉴定
该研究对巴西的一个重要流域进行了高分辨率区域测绘,该流域受到采矿、农业和家庭/工业废水的严重影响。上圣弗朗西斯科盆地是巴西最大的岩溶地区,包括巴西三个重要的生物群落:Cerrado、大西洋森林和 Caatinga。在旱季收集了地表水(1418 个样本),并对其物理化学参数、阳离子、阴离子和一些金属进行了分析。对变量的空间分布和丰度进行了评估,并讨论了控制地表水溶解负荷来源的过程。结果表明,岩石风化是控制水化学的主要因素,碳酸盐和硅酸盐矿物对其影响很大。人类活动,尤其是农业活动,对微流域的化学成分起着关键作用。土地使用方式和矿产开采加剧了水土流失过程,因此土壤侵蚀和沥滤过程也对该地区产生了重大影响。上圣弗朗西斯科盆地北部以干旱气候和卡廷加植被为特征,降水量低,蒸散率高。由于喀斯特地区的存在,以及自然和人为来源的混合,VG 地区显得尤为突出。
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来源期刊
Journal of Geochemical Exploration
Journal of Geochemical Exploration 地学-地球化学与地球物理
CiteScore
7.40
自引率
7.70%
发文量
148
审稿时长
8.1 months
期刊介绍: Journal of Geochemical Exploration is mostly dedicated to publication of original studies in exploration and environmental geochemistry and related topics. Contributions considered of prevalent interest for the journal include researches based on the application of innovative methods to: define the genesis and the evolution of mineral deposits including transfer of elements in large-scale mineralized areas. analyze complex systems at the boundaries between bio-geochemistry, metal transport and mineral accumulation. evaluate effects of historical mining activities on the surface environment. trace pollutant sources and define their fate and transport models in the near-surface and surface environments involving solid, fluid and aerial matrices. assess and quantify natural and technogenic radioactivity in the environment. determine geochemical anomalies and set baseline reference values using compositional data analysis, multivariate statistics and geo-spatial analysis. assess the impacts of anthropogenic contamination on ecosystems and human health at local and regional scale to prioritize and classify risks through deterministic and stochastic approaches. Papers dedicated to the presentation of newly developed methods in analytical geochemistry to be applied in the field or in laboratory are also within the topics of interest for the journal.
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