Pilot study for three-dimensional cephalometric Enlow's counterpart analysis: Vertical track. Two-dimensional and three-dimensional comparison

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research Pub Date : 2024-05-16 DOI:10.1111/ocr.12800

Michele D'Attilio, Giulia Falone, Rossana Pipitone, Francesco Moscagiuri, Francesco Caroccia, Antonino Peluso

{"title":"Pilot study for three-dimensional cephalometric Enlow's counterpart analysis: Vertical track. Two-dimensional and three-dimensional comparison","authors":"Michele D'Attilio, Giulia Falone, Rossana Pipitone, Francesco Moscagiuri, Francesco Caroccia, Antonino Peluso","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12800","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div>\n \n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Background</h3>\n \n <p>The introduction of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in dentistry has given orthodontists the possibility of studying craniofacial structures in three dimensions. Despite the possibility to obtain lateral cephalograms synthesized from CBCT, this approach still does not provide a fully three-dimensional evaluation of the patient's anatomy. While there has been some success in adapting traditional two-dimensional cephalometric analyses to three dimensions, the specific application of Enlow's cephalometric analysis using CBCT remains unexplored.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Aim</h3>\n \n <p>This pilot study aims to introduce a novel approach for performing Enlow's vertical track analysis using CBCT images.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\n \n <p>Eighteen CBCT images of skeletal Class I (ANB = 2 ± 2) subjects (12 males and 6 females, aged from 9 to 19 years) with no history of previous orthodontic treatment were selected. For each subject, 2D Enlow's vertical track analysis was performed on lateral cephalograms extracted from the CBCT images, and separately, 3D vertical track analysis was directly performed on the CBCT images. To validate the proposed method, we compared the differences between the posterior vertical counterpart (PVC) and the middle vertical counterpart (MVC), as well as between the middle vertical counterpart (MVC) and the anterior vertical counterpart (AVC), as obtained from both the two-dimensional and three-dimensional analyses. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test was applied for each variable to check whether data were normally distributed and a paired Student's <i>t</i>-test was performed. The level of statistical significance was .05.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Results</h3>\n \n <p>The comparison between three-dimensional PVC-MVC (−0.43 ± 0.37 cm) and two-dimensional PVC-MVC (−0.53 ± 0.36 cm) revealed no statistical difference (<i>P</i> = .27). Similarly, no significant difference (<i>P</i> = .28) was observed between two-dimensional MVC-AVC (−0.56 ± 0.34 cm) and three-dimensional MVC-AVC (−0.47 ± 0.37 cm).</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Conclusions</h3>\n \n <p>The method proposed by this study to realize the vertical track analysis on 3D images is valid and superimposable on that described by Enlow on lateral cephalograms.</p>\n </section>\n </div>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":"27 S2","pages":"33-41"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4000,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ocr.12800","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

The introduction of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in dentistry has given orthodontists the possibility of studying craniofacial structures in three dimensions. Despite the possibility to obtain lateral cephalograms synthesized from CBCT, this approach still does not provide a fully three-dimensional evaluation of the patient's anatomy. While there has been some success in adapting traditional two-dimensional cephalometric analyses to three dimensions, the specific application of Enlow's cephalometric analysis using CBCT remains unexplored.

Aim

This pilot study aims to introduce a novel approach for performing Enlow's vertical track analysis using CBCT images.

Materials and Methods

Eighteen CBCT images of skeletal Class I (ANB = 2 ± 2) subjects (12 males and 6 females, aged from 9 to 19 years) with no history of previous orthodontic treatment were selected. For each subject, 2D Enlow's vertical track analysis was performed on lateral cephalograms extracted from the CBCT images, and separately, 3D vertical track analysis was directly performed on the CBCT images. To validate the proposed method, we compared the differences between the posterior vertical counterpart (PVC) and the middle vertical counterpart (MVC), as well as between the middle vertical counterpart (MVC) and the anterior vertical counterpart (AVC), as obtained from both the two-dimensional and three-dimensional analyses. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test was applied for each variable to check whether data were normally distributed and a paired Student's t-test was performed. The level of statistical significance was .05.

Results

The comparison between three-dimensional PVC-MVC (−0.43 ± 0.37 cm) and two-dimensional PVC-MVC (−0.53 ± 0.36 cm) revealed no statistical difference (P = .27). Similarly, no significant difference (P = .28) was observed between two-dimensional MVC-AVC (−0.56 ± 0.34 cm) and three-dimensional MVC-AVC (−0.47 ± 0.37 cm).

Conclusions

The method proposed by this study to realize the vertical track analysis on 3D images is valid and superimposable on that described by Enlow on lateral cephalograms.

查看原文本刊更多论文

三维头形恩洛对应分析的试点研究：垂直轨迹。二维和三维对比。

背景：牙科锥形束计算机断层扫描（CBCT）的引入为正畸医生提供了三维研究颅面结构的可能性。尽管可以通过 CBCT 获得合成的侧面头颅影像，但这种方法仍然无法对患者的解剖结构进行全面的三维评估。虽然在将传统的二维头颅测量分析应用于三维方面已经取得了一些成功，但使用 CBCT 进行恩洛头颅测量分析的具体应用仍有待探索。目的：本试验研究旨在介绍一种使用 CBCT 图像进行恩洛垂直轨迹分析的新方法：选取 18 名骨骼 I 级（ANB = 2 ± 2）受试者（12 名男性和 6 名女性，年龄在 9 至 19 岁之间）的 CBCT 图像，这些受试者之前没有正畸治疗史。我们对每个受试者的 CBCT 图像提取的侧向头影进行了二维恩洛垂直轨迹分析，并直接对 CBCT 图像单独进行了三维垂直轨迹分析。为了验证所提出的方法，我们比较了二维和三维分析得出的后部垂直对应体（PVC）和中部垂直对应体（MVC）之间的差异，以及中部垂直对应体（MVC）和前部垂直对应体（AVC）之间的差异。对每个变量进行了 Kolmogorov-Smirnov 正态性检验，以检查数据是否呈正态分布，并进行了配对学生 t 检验。统计显著性水平为 0.05：三维 PVC-MVC（-0.43 ± 0.37 厘米）和二维 PVC-MVC（-0.53 ± 0.36 厘米）之间的比较没有发现统计学差异（P = 0.27）。同样，二维 MVC-AVC（-0.56 ± 0.34 厘米）和三维 MVC-AVC（-0.47 ± 0.37 厘米）之间也未发现明显差异（P = .28）：结论：本研究提出的在三维图像上实现垂直轨迹分析的方法是有效的，并且可以叠加 Enlow 在侧位头颅影像上描述的方法。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research 医学-牙科与口腔外科

CiteScore

5.30

自引率

3.20%

发文量

审稿时长

>12 weeks

期刊介绍： Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research - Genes, Growth and Development is published to serve its readers as an international forum for the presentation and critical discussion of issues pertinent to the advancement of the specialty of orthodontics and the evidence-based knowledge of craniofacial growth and development. This forum is based on scientifically supported information, but also includes minority and conflicting opinions. The objective of the journal is to facilitate effective communication between the research community and practicing clinicians. Original papers of high scientific quality that report the findings of clinical trials, clinical epidemiology, and novel therapeutic or diagnostic approaches are appropriate submissions. Similarly, we welcome papers in genetics, developmental biology, syndromology, surgery, speech and hearing, and other biomedical disciplines related to clinical orthodontics and normal and abnormal craniofacial growth and development. In addition to original and basic research, the journal publishes concise reviews, case reports of substantial value, invited essays, letters, and announcements. The journal is published quarterly. The review of submitted papers will be coordinated by the editor and members of the editorial board. It is policy to review manuscripts within 3 to 4 weeks of receipt and to publish within 3 to 6 months of acceptance.