Albena Roydeva, Gabriela Beleva, Daniel Gadzhakov, Aneliya Milanova
{"title":"Pharmacokinetics of N-acetyl-l-cysteine in chickens","authors":"Albena Roydeva, Gabriela Beleva, Daniel Gadzhakov, Aneliya Milanova","doi":"10.1111/jvp.13452","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>\n <i>N</i>-acetyl-<span>l</span>-cysteine (NAC) has been suggested as an antioxidant that can alleviate the negative effects of stress conditions in broilers. However, knowledge of its pharmacokinetics (PK) in this avian species is very limited. Therefore, the study aimed to shed more light on the PK properties of NAC in chickens. Broilers were subjected to single intravenous (i.v.) or oral (p.o.) treatment or multiple NAC administrations via the feed. Drug concentrations were determined by LC–MS/MS, and the data were subjected to non-compartmental analysis and modeled by non-linear mixed effect approach. NAC was eliminated in a short time after i.v. treatment, with a <i>t</i>\n <sub>1/2el</sub> of 0.93 (0.59–2.09) h. It showed limited distribution with population mean of volumes of distribution in the central and peripheral compartments <i>V</i>\n <sub>1</sub> of 0.148 L/kg and <i>V</i>\n <sub>2</sub> of 0.199 L/kg, respectively, and <i>V</i>\n <sub>darea</sub> of 0.39 (0.258–0.635) L/kg. The value of MRT was 1.76 h (range of 0.96–2.69, <i>p</i> < .05) after single p.o. treatment, indicating a twofold increase if compared to i.v. administration (0.87 h, 0.55–1.78). Both methods of Pk analysis revealed very limited bioavailability, <10%. Feeding behavior led to a later achievement of lower maximum plasma concentrations (5.74, range of 3.44–9.32 μg/mL, <i>p</i> < .05), which were maintained during the 5 days of treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":17596,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":"47 5","pages":"403-415"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5000,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jvp.13452","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) has been suggested as an antioxidant that can alleviate the negative effects of stress conditions in broilers. However, knowledge of its pharmacokinetics (PK) in this avian species is very limited. Therefore, the study aimed to shed more light on the PK properties of NAC in chickens. Broilers were subjected to single intravenous (i.v.) or oral (p.o.) treatment or multiple NAC administrations via the feed. Drug concentrations were determined by LC–MS/MS, and the data were subjected to non-compartmental analysis and modeled by non-linear mixed effect approach. NAC was eliminated in a short time after i.v. treatment, with a t1/2el of 0.93 (0.59–2.09) h. It showed limited distribution with population mean of volumes of distribution in the central and peripheral compartments V1 of 0.148 L/kg and V2 of 0.199 L/kg, respectively, and Vdarea of 0.39 (0.258–0.635) L/kg. The value of MRT was 1.76 h (range of 0.96–2.69, p < .05) after single p.o. treatment, indicating a twofold increase if compared to i.v. administration (0.87 h, 0.55–1.78). Both methods of Pk analysis revealed very limited bioavailability, <10%. Feeding behavior led to a later achievement of lower maximum plasma concentrations (5.74, range of 3.44–9.32 μg/mL, p < .05), which were maintained during the 5 days of treatment.
期刊介绍:
The Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics (JVPT) is an international journal devoted to the publication of scientific papers in the basic and clinical aspects of veterinary pharmacology and toxicology, whether the study is in vitro, in vivo, ex vivo or in silico. The Journal is a forum for recent scientific information and developments in the discipline of veterinary pharmacology, including toxicology and therapeutics. Studies that are entirely in vitro will not be considered within the scope of JVPT unless the study has direct relevance to the use of the drug (including toxicants and feed additives) in veterinary species, or that it can be clearly demonstrated that a similar outcome would be expected in vivo. These studies should consider approved or widely used veterinary drugs and/or drugs with broad applicability to veterinary species.