Social and ethnic-racial inequities in the occurrence of food deserts in a Brazilian state capital

IF 5.6 1区农林科学 Q1 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Food Security Pub Date : 2024-05-08 DOI:10.1007/s12571-024-01450-3

Daniely Casagrande Borges, Júlio Celso Borello Vargas, Olivia Souza Honório, Larissa Loures Mendes, Raquel Canuto

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Abstract

This study described the occurrence of food deserts and its relationship with the socioeconomic characteristics of the area. This is an ecological study based on secondary data from the city of Porto Alegre, Brazil. Food deserts were defined based on the density of establishments that sell healthy foods. The socioeconomic variables analyzed were the Health Vulnerability Index (HVI), percentage of illiterate people, percentage of people with per capita income of up to half a minimum wage, and percentage of households made up of people who identify as Black, Brown or Indigenous. Statistical and spatial analyses were conducted using census tracts as units of analysis. Almost half of the census tracts were classified as food deserts (n = 1150/48.3%), with higher concentration in the peripheral areas of the city. Tracts with a high risk of health vulnerability (very high HVI), those with the highest percentage of black and indigenous peoples (Quartile 4), the highest percentage of illiterate people (Quartile 4), and the highest percentage of people living on less than \(^{1}/_{5}\) minimum wage (Quartile 4), were about twice as likely to be classified as a food desert. For all variables, a dose-response relationship was observed. The results show that in the city of Porto Alegre food deserts were associated with worse environmental and social conditions, and a greater presence of ethnic-racial minority groups. Social and ethnic-racial inequities might shape the city environment, making access to healthy foods more difficult for the most vulnerable populations, with possible repercussions on food consumption, food security and other health outcomes.

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巴西某州首府出现食物荒漠的社会和种族不平等现象

本研究描述了食物荒漠的发生及其与该地区社会经济特征的关系。这是一项基于巴西阿雷格里港市二手数据的生态研究。食品荒漠是根据销售健康食品的机构密度来定义的。分析的社会经济变量包括健康脆弱性指数（HVI）、文盲人口比例、人均收入不超过最低工资一半的人口比例，以及被认定为黑人、棕色人种或土著人的家庭比例。统计和空间分析以人口普查区为分析单位。近一半的人口普查区被归类为食物荒漠（n = 1150/48.3%），更多集中在城市周边地区。健康脆弱性风险高（HVI 非常高）、黑人和原住民比例最高（四分位数 4）、文盲比例最高（四分位数 4）、最低工资不足（^{1}/_{5}\）的人口比例最高（四分位数 4）的普查区被归类为食物荒漠的可能性约为其他普查区的两倍。在所有变量中，都观察到了剂量-反应关系。结果表明，在阿雷格里港市，食物荒漠与较差的环境和社会条件以及较多的少数民族群体有关。社会和种族不平等可能会影响城市环境，使最弱势群体更难获得健康食品，从而可能对食品消费、食品安全和其他健康结果产生影响。

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来源期刊

Food Security FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY-

CiteScore

14.00

自引率

6.00%

发文量

审稿时长

>12 weeks

期刊介绍： Food Security is a wide audience, interdisciplinary, international journal dedicated to the procurement, access (economic and physical), and quality of food, in all its dimensions. Scales range from the individual to communities, and to the world food system. We strive to publish high-quality scientific articles, where quality includes, but is not limited to, the quality and clarity of text, and the validity of methods and approaches. Food Security is the initiative of a distinguished international group of scientists from different disciplines who hold a deep concern for the challenge of global food security, together with a vision of the power of shared knowledge as a means of meeting that challenge. To address the challenge of global food security, the journal seeks to address the constraints - physical, biological and socio-economic - which not only limit food production but also the ability of people to access a healthy diet. From this perspective, the journal covers the following areas: Global food needs: the mismatch between population and the ability to provide adequate nutrition Global food potential and global food production Natural constraints to satisfying global food needs: § Climate, climate variability, and climate change § Desertification and flooding § Natural disasters § Soils, soil quality and threats to soils, edaphic and other abiotic constraints to production § Biotic constraints to production, pathogens, pests, and weeds in their effects on sustainable production The sociological contexts of food production, access, quality, and consumption. Nutrition, food quality and food safety. Socio-political factors that impinge on the ability to satisfy global food needs: § Land, agricultural and food policy § International relations and trade § Access to food § Financial policy § Wars and ethnic unrest Research policies and priorities to ensure food security in its various dimensions.