Early sport specialization impact on rates of injury in collegiate and professional sport participation: A systematic review and meta-analysis

IF 1.5 4区 教育学 Q3 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM
Bahman Adlou, Alan Wilson, Christopher Wilburn, Wendi Weimar
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Abstract

Early sport specialization (ESS) is prevalent among adolescent athletes aspiring for elite status. However, the impact of ESS on sports injury (SI) rates during their collegiate and professional careers remains unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluate the effect of ESS on SI rates during high-level sport participation. Data sources Search included PubMed, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, EMBASE, Cochrane, CINAHL, ERIC, and Medline. Study selection PRISMA guidelines were followed to identify peer-reviewed articles published until 01 August 2023. Eligible studies reported numbers of athletes in collegiate and professional teams, including national, in ESS and their counterpart category, along with the portion with at least one SI. Studies on concussion or non-contact injuries, or without explicit injury reports during elite sport participation were excluded. Of 526 studies, 13 met the criteria, and 5 were included in the quantitative analysis. These studies reported SIs on collegiate and professional athletes. A total of 3087 athletes were analyzed (ESS = 45%). The overall effect showed that ESS athletes had a lower odds ratio (OR = 0.7) of a SI during high-level sport participation, but this finding was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Results demonstrated that ESS athletes had a lower odds ratio (OR = 0.7) of a SI during elite sport participation, but the effect was not statistically significant. Articles with clear reports are scarce, and thus limit the impact of the findings in this study. High heterogeneity was evident in this analysis, largely due to lack of standardized terminology, evaluation, and data representation. Prospective studies that consider diverse athlete population of the same sport are warranted.
早期体育专业化对大学生和职业运动员受伤率的影响:系统回顾和荟萃分析
早期运动专项化(ESS)在渴望成为精英的青少年运动员中十分普遍。然而,在大学和职业生涯中,ESS 对运动损伤率(SI)的影响仍不清楚。本系统综述和荟萃分析评估了ESS对高水平运动参与过程中运动损伤率的影响。数据来源 搜索范围包括 PubMed、Web of Science、SPORTDiscus、EMBASE、Cochrane、CINAHL、ERIC 和 Medline。研究选择遵循 PRISMA 指南,以确定 2023 年 8 月 1 日之前发表的经同行评审的文章。符合条件的研究报告了大学队和职业队(包括国家队)中ESS及其对应类别的运动员人数,以及至少有一个SI的部分。有关脑震荡或非接触性损伤的研究,或在精英运动参与过程中没有明确损伤报告的研究均被排除在外。在 526 项研究中,有 13 项符合标准,其中 5 项被纳入定量分析。这些研究报告了大学生和职业运动员的运动损伤情况。共分析了 3087 名运动员(ESS = 45%)。总体效果显示,ESS 运动员在参加高水平运动时发生 SI 的几率(OR = 0.7)较低,但这一结果在统计学上并不显著(p > 0.05)。结果表明,ESS 运动员在参加精英运动时发生 SI 的几率较低(OR = 0.7),但这一影响在统计学上并不显著。有明确报告的文章很少,因此限制了本研究结果的影响力。本分析的异质性很明显,这主要是由于缺乏标准化的术语、评估和数据表示。有必要对同一运动项目的不同运动员群体进行前瞻性研究。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.50
自引率
15.80%
发文量
208
期刊介绍: The International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching is a peer-reviewed, international, academic/professional journal, which aims to bridge the gap between coaching and sports science. The journal will integrate theory and practice in sports science, promote critical reflection of coaching practice, and evaluate commonly accepted beliefs about coaching effectiveness and performance enhancement. Open learning systems will be promoted in which: (a) sports science is made accessible to coaches, translating knowledge into working practice; and (b) the challenges faced by coaches are communicated to sports scientists. The vision of the journal is to support the development of a community in which: (i) sports scientists and coaches respect and learn from each other as they assist athletes to acquire skills by training safely and effectively, thereby enhancing their performance, maximizing their enjoyment of the sporting experience and facilitating character development; and (ii) scientific research is embraced in the quest to uncover, understand and develop the processes involved in sports coaching and elite performance.
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