M1-type polarized macrophage contributes to brain damage through CXCR3.2/CXCL11 pathways after RGNNV infection in grouper.

IF 5.5 1区农林科学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY

Virulence Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-23 DOI:10.1080/21505594.2024.2355971

Kaishan Liang, Minlin Zhang, Jiantao Liang, Xiaoling Zuo, Xianze Jia, Jinhong Shan, Zongyang Li, Jie Yu, Zijie Xuan, Liyuan Luo, Huihong Zhao, Songyong Gan, Ding Liu, Qiwei Qin, Qing Wang

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The vertebrate central nervous system (CNS) is the most complex system of the body. The CNS, especially the brain, is generally regarded as immune-privileged. However, the specialized immune strategies in the brain and how immune cells, specifically macrophages in the brain, respond to virus invasion remain poorly understood. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the potential immune response of macrophages in the brain of orange-spotted groupers (Epinephelus coioides) following red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV) infection. We observed that RGNNV induced macrophages to produce an inflammatory response in the brain of orange-spotted grouper, and the macrophages exhibited M1-type polarization after RGNNV infection. In addition, we found RGNNV-induced macrophage M1 polarization via the CXCR3.2- CXCL11 pathway. Furthermore, we observed that RGNNV triggered M1 polarization in macrophages, resulting in substantial proinflammatory cytokine production and subsequent damage to brain tissue. These findings reveal a unique mechanism for brain macrophage polarization, emphasizing their role in contributing to nervous tissue damage following viral infection in the CNS.

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石斑鱼感染 RGNNV 后，M1 型极化巨噬细胞通过 CXCR3.2/CXCL11 途径造成脑损伤。

脊椎动物的中枢神经系统（CNS）是人体最复杂的系统。中枢神经系统，尤其是大脑，通常被认为具有免疫优势。然而，人们对大脑中专门的免疫策略以及免疫细胞（尤其是大脑中的巨噬细胞）如何应对病毒入侵仍知之甚少。因此，本研究旨在探讨橙斑石斑鱼（Epinephelus coioides）脑部巨噬细胞在感染红斑石斑鱼神经坏死病毒（RGNNV）后的潜在免疫反应。我们观察到，RGNNV诱导巨噬细胞在橙斑石斑鱼脑中产生炎症反应，并且巨噬细胞在感染RGNNV后表现出M1型极化。此外，我们还发现 RGNNV 通过 CXCR3.2- CXCL11 途径诱导巨噬细胞 M1 型极化。此外，我们还观察到 RGNNV 触发了巨噬细胞的 M1 极化，导致大量促炎细胞因子的产生和随后的脑组织损伤。这些发现揭示了脑巨噬细胞极化的独特机制，强调了它们在中枢神经系统病毒感染后造成神经组织损伤的作用。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Virulence IMMUNOLOGY-MICROBIOLOGY

CiteScore

9.20

自引率

1.90%

发文量

123

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： Virulence is a fully open access peer-reviewed journal. All articles will (if accepted) be available for anyone to read anywhere, at any time immediately on publication. Virulence is the first international peer-reviewed journal of its kind to focus exclusively on microbial pathogenicity, the infection process and host-pathogen interactions. To address the new infectious challenges, emerging infectious agents and antimicrobial resistance, there is a clear need for interdisciplinary research.