{"title":"Effect of polymerisation protocols on water sorption, solubility and hygroscopic expansion of fast-cure bulk-fill composite","authors":"Halah Thanoon , Nikolaos Silikas , David C. Watts","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2024.04.010","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This study examines the effect of two <em>light-curing</em> protocols from a LED polywave light curing unit (LCU) on water sorption, solubility, and hygroscopic expansion of <em>fast</em> and <em>conventional</em> bulk-fill resin-based composites (RBCs) aged in distilled water for 120 d.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Three bulk-fill RBCs materials were studied: Tetric PowerFill® (<em>fast</em> photo-polymerised composite) (<strong>TPF</strong>), Tetric EvoCeram bulk-fill (<strong>EVO</strong>), and GrandioSo x-tra bulk-fill (<strong>GSO</strong>) (<em>conventiona</em>l photo-polymerised composites). Specimens were prepared within a 3D-printed resin mold (8-mm diameter x 4-mm height) and light-cured from one side only with 2 modes of polywave LCU (Bluephase® PowerCure): 3 s mode and for 20 s in “Standard” mode. Water sorption and solubility were measured at fixed time intervals for 120 d of distilled water storage, then reconditioned to dry to measure desorption for 75 d, all at 37 ± 1 °C. Hygroscopic (volumetric) expansion was recorded at the same time intervals up to 120 d. Data were analysed through SPSS using Two-way ANOVA, One-way ANOVA, independent t-tests, and Tukey’s <em>post-hoc</em> correction tests (p < 0.05).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>TPF, when irradiated for 3 s demonstrated minimal water sorption (0.83%), solubility (1.01 μg/mm<sup>3</sup>), and least volumetric expansion (1.64%) compared to EVO and GSO. While EVO showed the highest water sorption (1.03%) and solubility (1.95 μg/mm<sup>3</sup>) at 3 s. GSO had the lowest sorption (0.67%) and (0.56%) in 3 s and 20 s protocols, respectively. Nevertheless, all the sorption and solubility data were within the ISO 4049 limits.</p></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><p>For TPF, fast (3 s) polymerisation did not increase either water sorption or solubility, compared with 20 s irradiation. However, with the two comparative bulk-fill composites, fast cure increased water sorption by 15–25% and more than doubled solubility. These findings were consistent with the lesser volumetric expansions observed for Tetric PowerFill at both the fast and standard protocols, indicating its relative stability across polymerisation protocols.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6000,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S010956412400085X/pdfft?md5=305c6ecb723518d9ff6faddd8c14caa2&pid=1-s2.0-S010956412400085X-main.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Dental Materials","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S010956412400085X","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Objective
This study examines the effect of two light-curing protocols from a LED polywave light curing unit (LCU) on water sorption, solubility, and hygroscopic expansion of fast and conventional bulk-fill resin-based composites (RBCs) aged in distilled water for 120 d.
Methods
Three bulk-fill RBCs materials were studied: Tetric PowerFill® (fast photo-polymerised composite) (TPF), Tetric EvoCeram bulk-fill (EVO), and GrandioSo x-tra bulk-fill (GSO) (conventional photo-polymerised composites). Specimens were prepared within a 3D-printed resin mold (8-mm diameter x 4-mm height) and light-cured from one side only with 2 modes of polywave LCU (Bluephase® PowerCure): 3 s mode and for 20 s in “Standard” mode. Water sorption and solubility were measured at fixed time intervals for 120 d of distilled water storage, then reconditioned to dry to measure desorption for 75 d, all at 37 ± 1 °C. Hygroscopic (volumetric) expansion was recorded at the same time intervals up to 120 d. Data were analysed through SPSS using Two-way ANOVA, One-way ANOVA, independent t-tests, and Tukey’s post-hoc correction tests (p < 0.05).
Results
TPF, when irradiated for 3 s demonstrated minimal water sorption (0.83%), solubility (1.01 μg/mm3), and least volumetric expansion (1.64%) compared to EVO and GSO. While EVO showed the highest water sorption (1.03%) and solubility (1.95 μg/mm3) at 3 s. GSO had the lowest sorption (0.67%) and (0.56%) in 3 s and 20 s protocols, respectively. Nevertheless, all the sorption and solubility data were within the ISO 4049 limits.
Significance
For TPF, fast (3 s) polymerisation did not increase either water sorption or solubility, compared with 20 s irradiation. However, with the two comparative bulk-fill composites, fast cure increased water sorption by 15–25% and more than doubled solubility. These findings were consistent with the lesser volumetric expansions observed for Tetric PowerFill at both the fast and standard protocols, indicating its relative stability across polymerisation protocols.
期刊介绍:
Dental Materials publishes original research, review articles, and short communications.
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The principal aim of Dental Materials is to promote rapid communication of scientific information between academia, industry, and the dental practitioner. Original Manuscripts on clinical and laboratory research of basic and applied character which focus on the properties or performance of dental materials or the reaction of host tissues to materials are given priority publication. Other acceptable topics include application technology in clinical dentistry and dental laboratory technology.
Comprehensive reviews and editorial commentaries on pertinent subjects will be considered.