Transforming communities: Analyzing the effects of infrastructure and tourism development on social capital, livelihoods, and resilience in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan

IF 7.6 1区 管理学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM
Asif Hussain , Ante Mandić , Francesc Fusté-Forné
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Abstract

This study explores the dynamic relationship between social capital, livelihoods, and tourism development in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan, focusing on the indigenous social capital influenced by cultural perspectives. Given the rapid infrastructure and tourism developments in Gilgit-Baltistan, understanding their profound impacts on local communities is crucial, as these changes pose unique challenges and offer unprecedented opportunities for sustainable development. It particularly assesses the effects of infrastructure developments, such as the Karakoram Highway and the Belt and Road Initiative, from 1978 to 2022. Through non-probabilistic sampling and contextual textual analysis, this qualitative research investigates how these developments transform community social capital, affect livelihoods and resilience, and alter community perceptions and adaptations. The findings highlight transformative impacts on livelihoods and community dynamics, intensified by international and domestic tourism and infrastructure growth. These transformations lead to challenges like cultural commodification and authenticity issues, with unregulated tourism growth straining local infrastructure and exacerbating sustainability challenges—evident during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study underscores the critical interplay between infrastructure, tourism, and community resilience, advocating for regulated development to balance economic growth with cultural and environmental preservation. Contributing significant theoretical insights and practical guidelines, the research stresses managing the pace and mechanisms of tourism development to maintain the resilience and sustainability of these isolated communities while outlining future research directions on vulnerabilities and resilience strategies in remote tourism areas.

改造社区:分析巴基斯坦吉尔吉特-巴尔蒂斯坦基础设施和旅游业发展对社会资本、生计和复原力的影响
本研究探讨了巴基斯坦吉尔吉特-巴尔蒂斯坦的社会资本、生计和旅游业发展之间的动态关系,重点关注受文化视角影响的本土社会资本。鉴于吉尔吉特-巴尔蒂斯坦的基础设施和旅游业发展迅速,了解其对当地社区的深刻影响至关重要,因为这些变化既带来了独特的挑战,也为可持续发展提供了前所未有的机遇。本报告特别评估了从 1978 年到 2022 年基础设施发展(如喀喇昆仑公路和 "一带一路 "倡议)的影响。通过非概率抽样和上下文文本分析,这项定性研究调查了这些发展如何改变社区社会资本、影响生计和复原力,以及改变社区观念和适应性。研究结果强调了国际和国内旅游业以及基础设施的发展对生计和社区动态的变革性影响。这些转变带来了文化商品化和真实性问题等挑战,无序的旅游业增长给当地基础设施造成了压力,加剧了可持续性挑战--这在 COVID-19 大流行期间尤为明显。研究强调了基础设施、旅游业和社区恢复力之间的重要相互作用,倡导规范发展,以平衡经济增长与文化和环境保护。该研究提供了重要的理论见解和实践指南,强调要管理旅游业发展的速度和机制,以保持这些孤立社区的恢复力和可持续性,同时概述了偏远旅游地区脆弱性和恢复力战略的未来研究方向。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
13.30
自引率
8.40%
发文量
177
审稿时长
45 days
期刊介绍: Journal Name: Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management Affiliation: Official journal of CAUTHE (Council for Australasian Tourism and Hospitality Education Inc.) Scope: Broad range of topics including: Tourism and travel management Leisure and recreation studies Emerging field of event management Content: Contains both theoretical and applied research papers Encourages submission of results of collaborative research between academia and industry.
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