The distribution of global tidal marshes from Earth observation data

IF 6.3 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Global Ecology and Biogeography Pub Date : 2024-05-09 DOI:10.1111/geb.13852

Thomas A. Worthington, Mark Spalding, Emily Landis, Tania L. Maxwell, Alejandro Navarro, Lindsey S. Smart, Nicholas J. Murray

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Aim

Tidal marsh ecosystems are heavily impacted by human activities, highlighting a pressing need to address gaps in our knowledge of their distribution. To better understand the global distribution and changes in tidal marsh extent, and identify opportunities for their conservation and restoration, it is critical to develop a spatial knowledge base of their global occurrence. Here, we develop a globally consistent tidal marsh distribution map for the year 2020 at 10-m resolution.

Location

Global.

Time period

2020.

Major taxa studied

Tidal marshes.

Methods

To map the location of the world's tidal marshes at 10-m resolution, we applied a random forest classification model to Earth observation data from the year 2020. We trained the classification model with a reference dataset developed to support distribution mapping of coastal ecosystems, and predicted the spatial distribution of tidal marshes between 60° N and 60° S. We validated the tidal marsh map using standard accuracy assessment methods, with our final map having an overall accuracy score of 0.85.

Results

We estimate the global extent of tidal marshes in 2020 to be 52,880 km² (95% CI: 32,030 to 59,780 km²) distributed across 120 countries and territories. Tidal marsh distribution is centred in temperate and Arctic regions, with nearly half of the global extent of tidal marshes occurring in the temperate Northern Atlantic (45%) region. At the national scale, over a third of the global extent (18,510 km²; CI: 11,200–20,900) occurs within the USA.

Main conclusions

Our analysis provides the most detailed spatial data on global tidal marsh distribution to date and shows that tidal marshes occur in more countries and across a greater proportion of the world's coastline than previous mapping studies. Our map fills a major knowledge gap regarding the distribution of the world's coastal ecosystems and provides the baseline needed for measuring changes in tidal marsh extent and estimating their value in terms of ecosystem services.

Abstract Image

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从地球观测数据看全球潮汐沼泽的分布

目的潮沼生态系统受到人类活动的严重影响，迫切需要解决我们对潮沼分布的认识不足的问题。为了更好地了解潮汐沼泽的全球分布和范围变化，并确定潮汐沼泽保护和恢复的机会，建立潮汐沼泽全球分布的空间知识库至关重要。为了绘制 10 米分辨率的全球潮沼分布图，我们对 2020 年的地球观测数据采用了随机森林分类模型。我们利用为支持绘制沿海生态系统分布图而开发的参考数据集对分类模型进行了训练，并预测了北纬 60 度和南纬 60 度之间潮沼的空间分布。我们利用标准精度评估方法对潮沼地图进行了验证，最终地图的总体精度为 0.85。潮沼主要分布在温带和北极地区，全球近一半的潮沼分布在北大西洋温带地区（45%）。在国家范围内，超过三分之一的全球范围（18,510 平方公里；CI：11,200-20,900）出现在美国。主要结论我们的分析提供了迄今为止有关全球潮沼分布的最详细空间数据，并表明潮沼比以前的绘图研究出现在更多的国家和更大比例的世界海岸线上。我们的地图填补了世界沿海生态系统分布方面的重大知识空白，并为测量潮沼范围的变化和估算其生态系统服务价值提供了所需的基线。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Global Ecology and Biogeography 环境科学-生态学

CiteScore

12.10

自引率

3.10%

发文量

170

审稿时长

3 months

期刊介绍： Global Ecology and Biogeography (GEB) welcomes papers that investigate broad-scale (in space, time and/or taxonomy), general patterns in the organization of ecological systems and assemblages, and the processes that underlie them. In particular, GEB welcomes studies that use macroecological methods, comparative analyses, meta-analyses, reviews, spatial analyses and modelling to arrive at general, conceptual conclusions. Studies in GEB need not be global in spatial extent, but the conclusions and implications of the study must be relevant to ecologists and biogeographers globally, rather than being limited to local areas, or specific taxa. Similarly, GEB is not limited to spatial studies; we are equally interested in the general patterns of nature through time, among taxa (e.g., body sizes, dispersal abilities), through the course of evolution, etc. Further, GEB welcomes papers that investigate general impacts of human activities on ecological systems in accordance with the above criteria.