Exploring the Impact of Decoys on Decision-Making by Young Children

IF 1.8 3区心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, APPLIED

Journal of Behavioral Decision Making Pub Date : 2024-05-08 DOI:10.1002/bdm.2385

Audrey E. Parrish, Jillian Dawes, Hannah L. Thompson

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Abstract

The asymmetric dominance effect (or decoy effect) is a decision-making phenomenon that occurs when preference for a target alternative shifts with the addition of a similar, yet inferior alternative dubbed the decoy. Despite the considerable number of studies examining the decoy effect with adult humans and animals, there is comparatively less research on context effects within the developmental domain. In this study, we explored the impact of a decoy on choice behavior by young children (3–9 years old) using a preferential choice task as well as a perceptual discrimination task. Introduction of an inferior decoy impacted choice behavior across 2-alternative (binary) versus 3-alternative (trinary) sets, such that inclusion of the dominated decoy in expanded sets decreased selection of the superior target alternative. This pattern of results indicates a reversal of the standard attraction effect, also known as the repulsion effect. We discuss these findings in light of the adult and comparative literatures on decoy effects as well as call for additional developmental studies exploring the impact of inferior alternatives in multialternative decision-making.

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探索诱饵对幼儿决策的影响

非对称优势效应（或诱饵效应）是一种决策现象，当目标替代品的偏好发生变化时，会增加一个相似但劣势的替代品，即诱饵。尽管有相当多的研究对成人和动物的诱饵效应进行了研究，但在发育领域对情境效应的研究却相对较少。在本研究中，我们通过优先选择任务和感知辨别任务，探讨了诱饵对幼儿（3-9 岁）选择行为的影响。在二选一（二元）与三选一（三元）的组合中，引入劣质诱饵会影响选择行为，因此在扩大的组合中加入受支配的诱饵会减少对优势目标选择的选择。这种结果模式表明，标准的吸引效应（也称为排斥效应）发生了逆转。我们从诱饵效应的成人文献和比较文献的角度讨论了这些发现，并呼吁开展更多的发展研究，探索劣质替代品在多选择决策中的影响。

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来源期刊

Journal of Behavioral Decision Making PSYCHOLOGY, APPLIED-

CiteScore

4.40

自引率

5.00%

发文量

期刊介绍： The Journal of Behavioral Decision Making is a multidisciplinary journal with a broad base of content and style. It publishes original empirical reports, critical review papers, theoretical analyses and methodological contributions. The Journal also features book, software and decision aiding technique reviews, abstracts of important articles published elsewhere and teaching suggestions. The objective of the Journal is to present and stimulate behavioral research on decision making and to provide a forum for the evaluation of complementary, contrasting and conflicting perspectives. These perspectives include psychology, management science, sociology, political science and economics. Studies of behavioral decision making in naturalistic and applied settings are encouraged.