Hydrochemical fingerprints of karst underground river systems impacted by urbanization in Guiyang, Southwest China

IF 3.5 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Xiaoya Zhou , Shouyang He , Yingzeng Yang , Pan Wu , Wei Luo
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Abstract

Karst groundwater plays an irreplaceable role in the formation and development of urban areas, and land-use and land-cover change (LUCC) and the input of pollutants during the urbanization process would pose potential environmental risks to underground rivers. We analysed the relationship between urbanization processes and underground river hydrochemistry over nearly 35 years in Guiyang city, southwest of China, it was found that concentrations of various cations and anions, as well as total dissolved solids (TDS), gradually increased with the urbanization process, with significant fluctuations during the rapid urbanization periods. The Hydrochemical Facies Evolution Diagram (HFED) clearly showed the influence of urbanization on the hydrochemistry of the underground rivers. The ion ratios of γMg2+/γCa2+—γHCO3, γNa+/γCl, Ca2+/Mg2+—Ca2+ or Mg2+/Σ cations, HCO3/SO42−—HCO3 or SO42−/Σ anions revealed two distinct phases in the hydrochemical evolution of the underground river system, highly consistent with the urbanization process. Before the rapid urbanization, acid deposition and agricultural activities affected the hydrochemistry, with HCO3-Ca·Mg and HCO3·SO4-Ca·Mg as the dominant types controlled by limestone and dolomite dissolution in water-rock interactions. As acid deposition diminished, the input of SO42− from urban sewage compensated for the reduced impact, but the increased impermeable surfaces reduced the infiltration of atmospheric precipitation, leading to a reduced dissolution of dolomite minerals in water-rock interactions, resulting in a decrease in Mg2+ and a change in the hydrochemical type. The hydrochemical type evolved from a single HCO3·SO4-Ca·Mg type and HCO3-Ca·Mg type to multiple types, such as HCO3·Cl-Ca, HCO3·SO4-Ca, HCO3-Ca, and HCO3·SO4-Ca·Mg, and was highly unstable. With changes in land use, the proportions of various cations and anions in the hydrochemistry changed, especially NH4+, NO3, SO42−, Na+, and Cl, which were more sensitive to human activities. This study indicated the impact of urbanization on the hydrochemistry of the underground river system, with the input of SO42− from human activities and the increase in paved surfaces due to urbanization collectively altering the hydrochemical types of the underground river system. The rapid response of karst underground river system hydrochemistry indicates a potential impact on groundwater system by urbanization that should not be ignored.

Abstract Image

中国西南部受城市化影响的岩溶地下河系统的水化学指纹
岩溶地下水在城市的形成和发展过程中发挥着不可替代的作用,而城市化过程中土地利用和土地覆被的变化以及污染物的输入将对地下河造成潜在的环境风险。我们分析了中国西南地区贵阳市近 35 年城市化进程与地下河流水化学之间的关系,发现各种阳离子、阴离子以及溶解性总固体(TDS)的浓度随着城市化进程逐渐升高,并在城市化快速发展时期出现明显波动。水化学面演化图(HFED)清楚地显示了城市化对地下河水化学的影响。γMg2+/γCa2+-γHCO3-、γNa+/γCl-、Ca2+/Mg2+-Ca2+或Mg2+/Σ阳离子、HCO3-/SO42--HCO3-或SO42-/Σ阴离子的离子比值揭示了地下河系统水化学演变的两个不同阶段,与城市化进程高度一致。在快速城市化之前,受酸性沉积和农业活动的影响,水化学类型主要为 HCO3-Ca-Mg 和 HCO3-SO4-Ca-Mg,受水岩相互作用中石灰石和白云石溶解的控制。随着酸沉积的减少,城市污水中 SO42- 的输入弥补了减少的影响,但不透水表面的增加减少了大气降水的渗透,导致白云石矿物在水-岩相互作用中的溶解减少,从而导致 Mg2+ 的减少和水化学类型的改变。水化学类型从单一的 HCO3-SO4-Ca-Mg 型和 HCO3-Ca-Mg 型演变为多种类型,如 HCO3-Cl-Ca、HCO3-SO4-Ca、HCO3-Ca 和 HCO3-SO4-Ca-Mg,且极不稳定。随着土地利用的变化,水化学中各种阳离子和阴离子的比例也发生了变化,尤其是 NH4+、NO3-、SO42-、Na+ 和 Cl-,对人类活动更为敏感。这项研究表明了城市化对地下河水化学的影响,人类活动输入的 SO42- 和城市化导致的铺面增加共同改变了地下河系统的水化学类型。岩溶地下河系统水化学的快速反应表明,城市化对地下水系统的潜在影响不容忽视。
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来源期刊
Journal of contaminant hydrology
Journal of contaminant hydrology 环境科学-地球科学综合
CiteScore
6.80
自引率
2.80%
发文量
129
审稿时长
68 days
期刊介绍: The Journal of Contaminant Hydrology is an international journal publishing scientific articles pertaining to the contamination of subsurface water resources. Emphasis is placed on investigations of the physical, chemical, and biological processes influencing the behavior and fate of organic and inorganic contaminants in the unsaturated (vadose) and saturated (groundwater) zones, as well as at groundwater-surface water interfaces. The ecological impacts of contaminants transported both from and to aquifers are of interest. Articles on contamination of surface water only, without a link to groundwater, are out of the scope. Broad latitude is allowed in identifying contaminants of interest, and include legacy and emerging pollutants, nutrients, nanoparticles, pathogenic microorganisms (e.g., bacteria, viruses, protozoa), microplastics, and various constituents associated with energy production (e.g., methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide). The journal''s scope embraces a wide range of topics including: experimental investigations of contaminant sorption, diffusion, transformation, volatilization and transport in the surface and subsurface; characterization of soil and aquifer properties only as they influence contaminant behavior; development and testing of mathematical models of contaminant behaviour; innovative techniques for restoration of contaminated sites; development of new tools or techniques for monitoring the extent of soil and groundwater contamination; transformation of contaminants in the hyporheic zone; effects of contaminants traversing the hyporheic zone on surface water and groundwater ecosystems; subsurface carbon sequestration and/or turnover; and migration of fluids associated with energy production into groundwater.
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