Interpreting test temperature and loading rate effects on the fracture toughness of polymer-metal interfaces via time–temperature superposition

Abstract

In this letter, we present interfacial fracture toughness data for a polymer-metal interface where tests were conducted at various test temperatures T and loading rates \(\dot{\delta }\). An adhesively bonded asymmetric double cantilever beam (ADCB) specimen was utilized to measure toughness. ADCB specimens were created by bonding a thinner, upper adherend to a thicker, lower adherend (both 6061 T6 aluminum) using a thin layer of epoxy adhesive, such that the crack propagated along the interface between the thinner adherend and the epoxy layer. The specimens were tested at T from 25 to 65 °C and \(\dot{\delta }\) from 0.002 to 0.2 mm/s. The measured interfacial toughness Γ increased as both T and \(\dot{\delta }\) increased. For an ADCB specimen loaded at a constant \(\dot{\delta }\), the energy release rate G increases as the crack length a increases. For this reason, we defined rate effects in terms of the rate of change in the energy release rate \(\dot{G}\). Although not rigorously correct, a formal application of time–temperature superposition (TTS) analysis to the Γ data provided useful insights on the observed dependencies. In the TTS-shifted data, Γ decreased and then increased for monotonically increasing \(\dot{G}\). Thus, the TTS analysis suggests that there is a minimum value of Γ. This minimum value could be used to define a lower bound in Γ when designing critical engineering applications that are subjected to T and \(\dot{\delta }\) excursions.