{"title":"ZnAl2O4/SiO2 nanocatalyst: a new efficient catalyst for Biginelli reaction with a specific product under safe, green, and solvent-free conditions","authors":"Soodabeh Gharibeh","doi":"10.1007/s13738-024-03020-y","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Lewis acid heterogeneous catalyst, ZnAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/SiO<sub>2</sub> nanocomposite, was determined as a strong catalyst for the green and safe three-component reactions by the one-pot procedure. The effect of factors, such as the amount of catalyst, the molar ratio of reactants, reflux time and temperature on the three-component reactions were investigated. Also, the parameters of green chemistry were studied. These reactions under solvent-free conditions in the presence of ZnAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/SiO<sub>2</sub> dramatically increased the yield of the formation of dihydropyrimidinones derivatives in a very short time. The results showed that ZnAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/SiO<sub>2</sub> under solvent-free conditions greatly accelerate the three-component reactions with the advance of imine pathway and preventing the formation of unwanted side-products. Also, aromatic aldehydes with low electron density had the best outcomes. Lower reaction yield was produced by β-ketoesters with more steric hindrance. Without noticeably altering reaction time or yield, this catalyst employed six times. The technique is environmentally friendly, as shown by its low E-factor of 0.218–0.570 and high atom economy of 90.025–87.237.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":676,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Iranian Chemical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2000,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of the Iranian Chemical Society","FirstCategoryId":"92","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13738-024-03020-y","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Lewis acid heterogeneous catalyst, ZnAl2O4/SiO2 nanocomposite, was determined as a strong catalyst for the green and safe three-component reactions by the one-pot procedure. The effect of factors, such as the amount of catalyst, the molar ratio of reactants, reflux time and temperature on the three-component reactions were investigated. Also, the parameters of green chemistry were studied. These reactions under solvent-free conditions in the presence of ZnAl2O4/SiO2 dramatically increased the yield of the formation of dihydropyrimidinones derivatives in a very short time. The results showed that ZnAl2O4/SiO2 under solvent-free conditions greatly accelerate the three-component reactions with the advance of imine pathway and preventing the formation of unwanted side-products. Also, aromatic aldehydes with low electron density had the best outcomes. Lower reaction yield was produced by β-ketoesters with more steric hindrance. Without noticeably altering reaction time or yield, this catalyst employed six times. The technique is environmentally friendly, as shown by its low E-factor of 0.218–0.570 and high atom economy of 90.025–87.237.
期刊介绍:
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