Mobilization of Science: St. Petersburg University during the Crimean War

IF 0.4 4区 综合性期刊 Q3 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
T. N. Zhukovskaya
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Abstract

The attitude of university intellectuals to the events of the Eastern War of 1853–1856 and the degree of involvement of the university community in helping the front are discussed based on archival sources and published memoirs. Back at the very beginning of the war, military formation training was introduced in higher education institutions and gymnasiums in Russia, and lectures on artillery and fortification began at St. Petersburg University. The memoirs of F.N. Ustryalov and the diary of A.V. Nikitenko convey the reaction of representatives of the “learned class” to the events in the theaters of war, as well as to the forced transformation of the educational process. The materials of the university and departmental records contain information about the size and forms of material assistance of educational institutions to the front, such as collecting donations to the “heroes of Sevastopol” and the widows and families of the victims. According to sources of personal origin, the dynamics of sentiments in the university environment can be traced—from patriotic enthusiasm and readiness of the students to join the army to public pessimism caused by the military defeat of the Russian Empire. Let us add that in the summer and fall of 1854, St. Petersburg and Moscow universities were used as a place to accommodate British sailors captured in the Black Sea, who were considered by Nicholas I as mediators in search of a diplomatic settlement or mitigation of the conflict.

科学的动员:克里米亚战争期间的圣彼得堡大学
摘要 根据档案资料和出版的回忆录,讨论了大学知识分子对 1853-1856 年东方战争事件的态度以及大学社区参与帮助前线的程度。早在战争一开始,俄罗斯的高等院校和体育馆就开始了军事队列训练,圣彼得堡大学也开始了关于火炮和防御工事的讲座。F.N.乌斯特里亚洛夫的回忆录和 A.V.尼基坚科的日记反映了 "知识阶层 "的代表们对战区事件的反应,以及对教育过程被迫转变的反应。大学材料和部门记录中包含了教育机构向前线提供物质援助的规模和形式的信息,如向 "塞瓦斯托波尔英雄 "和遇难者遗孀及家属募捐。根据个人来源的资料,可以追溯到大学环境中的情绪动态--从学生的爱国热情和参军意愿,到俄罗斯帝国军事失败导致的公众悲观情绪。让我们补充一点,1854 年夏秋之际,圣彼得堡和莫斯科大学被用作收容在黑海被俘的英国水兵的地方,尼古拉一世将他们视为寻求外交解决或缓和冲突的调解人。
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来源期刊
Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences 综合性期刊-科学史与科学哲学
CiteScore
0.70
自引率
0.00%
发文量
141
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences provides a broad coverage of the Russian Academy of Sciences’ activities. It publishes original works, surveys, speeches, and discussions with participation of the members of Russian Academy of Sciences, leading scientists in Russia and worldwide and presents various viewpoints on important subjects related to all fields of science. The journal addresses the questions of scientist’s role in society and the role of scientific knowledge in the modern world.
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