Labor Market Effects of Immigration Policies Border Enforcement and Amnesty

IF 1 4区管理学 Q3 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS & LABOR

Journal of Labor Research Pub Date : 2018-04-17 DOI:10.1007/s12122-018-9266-y

Sandra Orozco-Aleman, Heriberto Gonzalez-Lozano

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Abstract

We explore the effects of tighter border enforcement and an amnesty on the wages and unemployment rates of natives and immigrants. We extend the Mortensen-Pissarides labor market model to include individuals authorized to work and illegal workers in a framework that accounts for voluntary return migration. Furthermore, we study the effects of an amnesty when a proportion of illegal workers pays payroll taxes. Our results show that the effect of changes in border enforcement on the number of illegal workers in the United States is theoretically ambiguous. While tighter border enforcement deters illegal migration of prospective workers, it also changes the incentives of those already in the United States decreasing return migration. If tighter border enforcement increases the number of illegal workers in the economy, it will also increase the wages of natives as market tightness increases. Our findings show that the larger the proportion of illegal workers paying payroll taxes, the larger will be the decrease in wages, and the smaller the increase in unemployment generated by the decrease in the number of illegal workers in the economy that will follow an amnesty.

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移民政策对劳动力市场的影响边境执法与大赦

我们探讨了加强边境执法和大赦对本地人和移民的工资和失业率的影响。我们扩展了 Mortensen-Pissarides 劳动力市场模型，将获准工作的个人和非法劳工纳入考虑自愿回流移民的框架中。此外，我们还研究了当一定比例的非法劳工缴纳工资税时大赦的影响。我们的研究结果表明，边境执法的变化对美国非法劳工数量的影响在理论上是模糊的。虽然加强边境执法会阻止未来工人的非法移民，但同时也会改变已在美国的非法移民的动机，从而减少回流移民。如果加强边境执法会增加经济中非法劳工的数量，那么随着市场紧张程度的增加，也会提高本地人的工资。我们的研究结果表明，支付工资税的非法劳工比例越大，工资下降的幅度就越大，而大赦后经济中非法劳工数量减少所导致的失业率上升幅度就越小。

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来源期刊

Journal of Labor Research INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS & LABOR-

CiteScore

1.50

自引率

12.50%

发文量

期刊介绍： Mission Statement The Journal of Labor Research provides an outlet for original research on all aspects of behavior affecting labor market outcomes. The Journal provides a forum for both empirical and theoretical research on labor economics. The journal welcomes submissions issues relating to labor markets and employment relations, including labor demand and supply, personnel economics, unions and collective bargaining, employee participation, dispute resolution, labor market policies, types of employment relationships, the interplay between labor market variables and policy issues in labor economics are published by the Journal. The Journal of Labor Research also publishes book reviews relating to these topics.