Magnetic mineral characterization of the easternmost Indus Molasse sedimentary succession, Ladakh Himalaya: Implications for depositional environment and provenance
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Abstract
Rock magnetic analyses of easternmost Indus Molasses of Nyoma–Rhongo section, Ladakh Himalaya have been performed. The thermomagnetic curve gives Curie point (Tc) information on the constituent magnetic minerals, which vary between 574° and 592°C. The hysteresis loops are harmonious and the resultant remanence ratio (Mrs/Ms) ranges between 0.10 and 0.19 and the coercivity ratio (Bcr/Bc) between 1.91 and 3.07. The domain states of magnetic grains majorly belong to the pseudo-single domain (PSD) state. The isothermal remanent magnetization (IRM) acquisition curves show saturation ranges between 250 and 300 mT, and the coercivity spectra show coercive force ranging between 24 and 41 mT. These investigations indicate that magnetic mineralogy in samples is predominantly controlled by fine to medium-sized PSD state magnetite and accessorily Ti-poor magnetite, pyrrhotite, and greigite. This magnetic mineralogy seemed homogenous and was not considerably affected by weathering, lithogenesis and geotectonic events, suggesting their deposition over well-developed palaeogeography with small-scale tectonic modulations. The best possible source for Indus Molasses, as identified in the current study is the Ladakh batholith having an affinity to the Eurasian Plate and these interpretations are in line with the literature.
期刊介绍：
The Journal of Earth System Science, an International Journal, was earlier a part of the Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences – Section A begun in 1934, and later split in 1978 into theme journals. This journal was published as Proceedings – Earth and Planetary Sciences since 1978, and in 2005 was renamed ‘Journal of Earth System Science’.
The journal is highly inter-disciplinary and publishes scholarly research – new data, ideas, and conceptual advances – in Earth System Science. The focus is on the evolution of the Earth as a system: manuscripts describing changes of anthropogenic origin in a limited region are not considered unless they go beyond describing the changes to include an analysis of earth-system processes. The journal''s scope includes the solid earth (geosphere), the atmosphere, the hydrosphere (including cryosphere), and the biosphere; it also addresses related aspects of planetary and space sciences. Contributions pertaining to the Indian sub- continent and the surrounding Indian-Ocean region are particularly welcome. Given that a large number of manuscripts report either observations or model results for a limited domain, manuscripts intended for publication in JESS are expected to fulfill at least one of the following three criteria.
The data should be of relevance and should be of statistically significant size and from a region from where such data are sparse. If the data are from a well-sampled region, the data size should be considerable and advance our knowledge of the region.
A model study is carried out to explain observations reported either in the same manuscript or in the literature.
The analysis, whether of data or with models, is novel and the inferences advance the current knowledge.
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