Efficacy of antidiabetic plants available in Himachal Pradesh in management of diabetes: a comprehensive review

Abstract

Diabetes is a condition that affects metabolism of carbohydrates, sugars, proteins, and lipids. Chronic hyperglycemia caused by abnormalities in insulin secretion or insulin activity is its key characteristic. A severe threat to human health is posed by the rapidly rising prevalence of diabetes mellitus worldwide. Despite the availability of well-known anti-diabetic medications diabetes, and its associated complications, it remains a serious health concern. A severe threat to human health is posed by the rapidly rising prevalence of diabetes mellitus worldwide. This review examines antidiabetic properties of medicinal plants found in Himachal Pradesh, exploring their phytoconstituents and their potential role in managing diabetes mellitus. It collates in vivo and toxicological studies along with clinical trials on various plant species, found in Himachal Pradesh scrutinizing the bioactive compounds that exhibit antidiabetic effects. Results of these studies indicate that specific plant species can significantly reduce blood glucose levels in streptozotocin and alloxan monohydrate-induced diabetic animal models, including male Wistar rats and male Albino mice, over treatment periods ranging from 5 to 49 days. Furthermore, in human clinical settings, the antidiabetic effects of these plants in diabetic patients are investigated within 4 h to 3 months. Changes in biological parameters brought after treatment with these plant extracts are compared to diabetic animals and patients receiving no treatment. These findings underscore the therapeutic potential of Himachal Pradesh's flora in managing and treating diabetes, advocating for further scientific validation and development of plant-based antidiabetic medications.

Graphical abstract