Veronica Vallino, Alessandro Berni, Andrea Coletto, Sonia Serafino, Francesco Bandello, Michele Reibaldi, Enrico Borrelli
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Background: Geographic atrophy (GA) is an advanced, irreversible, and progressive form of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Structural optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA) have been largely used to characterize this stage of AMD and, more importantly, to define biomarkers associated with the development and progression of GA in AMD.
Methods: Articles pertaining to OCT and OCTA biomarkers related to the development and progression of GA with relevant key words were used to search in PubMed, Researchgate, and Google Scholar. The articles were selected based on their relevance, reliability, publication year, published journal, and accessibility.
Results: Previous reports have highlighted various OCT and OCTA biomarkers linked to the onset and advancement of GA. These biomarkers encompass characteristics such as the size, volume, and subtype of drusen, the presence of hyperreflective foci, basal laminar deposits, incomplete retinal pigment epithelium and outer retinal atrophy (iRORA), persistent choroidal hypertransmission defects, and the existence of subretinal drusenoid deposits (also referred to as reticular pseudodrusen). Moreover, biomarkers associated with the progression of GA include thinning of the outer retina, photoreceptor degradation, the distance between retinal pigment epithelium and Bruch's membrane, and choriocapillaris loss.
Conclusion: The advent of novel treatment strategies for GA underscores the heightened need for prompt diagnosis and precise monitoring of individuals with this condition. The utilization of structural OCT and OCTA becomes essential for identifying distinct biomarkers associated with the initiation and progression of GA.
背景：地理萎缩（GA）是老年性黄斑变性（AMD）的一种晚期、不可逆和进行性形式。结构性光学相干断层扫描（OCT）和 OCT 血管造影术（OCTA）在很大程度上被用来描述 AMD 这一阶段的特征，更重要的是，它们被用来定义与 AMD 中地理萎缩的发展和进展相关的生物标志物：使用相关关键词在 PubMed、Researchgate 和 Google Scholar 上搜索与 OCT 和 OCTA 生物标志物有关的文章，这些文章与 GA 的发展和进展相关。文章的选择基于其相关性、可靠性、发表年份、发表期刊和可访问性：以往的报告强调了与 GA 发病和发展相关的各种 OCT 和 OCTA 生物标志物。这些生物标志物的特征包括：色素沉着的大小、体积和亚型、高反射灶的存在、基底层沉积、不完全视网膜色素上皮和外层视网膜萎缩（iRORA）、持续性脉络膜高透射缺陷以及视网膜下色素沉着（也称为网状假性色素沉着）。此外，与 GA 进展相关的生物标志物包括视网膜外层变薄、感光细胞退化、视网膜色素上皮与布鲁氏膜之间的距离以及绒毛膜脱落：结论：针对 GA 的新型治疗策略的出现，凸显了对这种疾病患者进行及时诊断和精确监测的高度必要性。利用结构性 OCT 和 OCTA 对于确定与 GA 的发生和发展相关的独特生物标志物至关重要。
期刊介绍：
Graefe''s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology is a distinguished international journal that presents original clinical reports and clini-cally relevant experimental studies. Founded in 1854 by Albrecht von Graefe to serve as a source of useful clinical information and a stimulus for discussion, the journal has published articles by leading ophthalmologists and vision research scientists for more than a century. With peer review by an international Editorial Board and prompt English-language publication, Graefe''s Archive provides rapid dissemination of clinical and clinically related experimental information.
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