Cholesterol and Immune Microenvironment: Path Towards Tumorigenesis.

IF 4.6 3区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS
Current Nutrition Reports Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-02 DOI:10.1007/s13668-024-00542-y
Eslam E Saad, Rachel Michel, Mostafa A Borahay
{"title":"Cholesterol and Immune Microenvironment: Path Towards Tumorigenesis.","authors":"Eslam E Saad, Rachel Michel, Mostafa A Borahay","doi":"10.1007/s13668-024-00542-y","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Since obesity is a major risk factor for many different types of cancer, examining one of the most closely associated comorbidities, such as hypercholesterolemia, is crucial to understanding how obesity causes cancer. Hypercholesterolemia is usually associated with many cardiovascular complications such as hypertension, angina, and atherosclerosis. In addition, cholesterol may be a major factor in increasing cancer risk. Cancer patients who received statins, an anti-hypercholesteremic medicine, demonstrated improved prognosis possibly through its effect on tumor proliferation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress. Cholesterol could also aid in tumor progression through reprogramming tumor immunological architecture and mediators. This review focuses on the immunomodulatory role of cholesterol on cellular and molecular levels, which may explain its oncogenic driving activity. We look at how cholesterol modulates tumor immune cells like dendritic cells, T cells, Tregs, and neutrophils. Further, this study sheds light on the modification of the expression pattern of the common cancer-related immune mediators in the tumor immune microenvironment, such as programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), interleukin 12 (IL-12), IL-23, and forkhead box protein P3 (FOXP3).</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>We highlight relevant literature demonstrating cholesterol's immunosuppressive role, leading to a worse cancer prognosis. This review invites further research regarding the pathobiological role of cholesterol in many obesity-related cancers such as uterine fibroids, post-menopausal breast, colorectal, endometrial, kidney, esophageal, pancreatic, liver, and gallbladder cancers. This review suggests that targeting cholesterol synthesis may be a fruitful approach to cancer targeting, in addition to traditional chemotherapeutics.</p>","PeriodicalId":10844,"journal":{"name":"Current Nutrition Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Current Nutrition Reports","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13668-024-00542-y","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2024/5/2 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"NUTRITION & DIETETICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

Abstract

Purpose of review: Since obesity is a major risk factor for many different types of cancer, examining one of the most closely associated comorbidities, such as hypercholesterolemia, is crucial to understanding how obesity causes cancer. Hypercholesterolemia is usually associated with many cardiovascular complications such as hypertension, angina, and atherosclerosis. In addition, cholesterol may be a major factor in increasing cancer risk. Cancer patients who received statins, an anti-hypercholesteremic medicine, demonstrated improved prognosis possibly through its effect on tumor proliferation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress. Cholesterol could also aid in tumor progression through reprogramming tumor immunological architecture and mediators. This review focuses on the immunomodulatory role of cholesterol on cellular and molecular levels, which may explain its oncogenic driving activity. We look at how cholesterol modulates tumor immune cells like dendritic cells, T cells, Tregs, and neutrophils. Further, this study sheds light on the modification of the expression pattern of the common cancer-related immune mediators in the tumor immune microenvironment, such as programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), interleukin 12 (IL-12), IL-23, and forkhead box protein P3 (FOXP3).

Recent findings: We highlight relevant literature demonstrating cholesterol's immunosuppressive role, leading to a worse cancer prognosis. This review invites further research regarding the pathobiological role of cholesterol in many obesity-related cancers such as uterine fibroids, post-menopausal breast, colorectal, endometrial, kidney, esophageal, pancreatic, liver, and gallbladder cancers. This review suggests that targeting cholesterol synthesis may be a fruitful approach to cancer targeting, in addition to traditional chemotherapeutics.

胆固醇与免疫微环境:通往肿瘤发生之路。
综述的目的:由于肥胖是许多不同类型癌症的主要风险因素,因此研究与肥胖密切相关的合并症之一,如高胆固醇血症,对于了解肥胖如何导致癌症至关重要。高胆固醇血症通常与许多心血管并发症有关,如高血压、心绞痛和动脉粥样硬化。此外,胆固醇可能是增加癌症风险的主要因素。接受他汀类药物(一种抗高胆固醇血症药物)治疗的癌症患者的预后有所改善,这可能是由于他汀类药物对肿瘤增殖、细胞凋亡和氧化应激的影响。胆固醇还可以通过重编程肿瘤免疫结构和介质来帮助肿瘤进展。本综述重点探讨胆固醇在细胞和分子水平上的免疫调节作用,这可能解释了胆固醇的致癌驱动活性。我们研究了胆固醇如何调节树突状细胞、T 细胞、Tregs 和中性粒细胞等肿瘤免疫细胞。此外,这项研究还揭示了肿瘤免疫微环境中常见癌症相关免疫介质表达模式的改变,如程序性细胞死亡1(PD-1)、细胞毒性T淋巴细胞抗原-4(CTLA-4)、转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)、白细胞介素12(IL-12)、IL-23和叉头盒蛋白P3(FOXP3):我们重点介绍了证明胆固醇具有免疫抑制作用、导致癌症预后恶化的相关文献。本综述希望进一步研究胆固醇在子宫肌瘤、绝经后乳腺癌、结直肠癌、子宫内膜癌、肾癌、食管癌、胰腺癌、肝癌和胆囊癌等多种肥胖相关癌症中的病理生物学作用。这篇综述表明,除传统的化疗药物外,靶向胆固醇合成可能是一种富有成效的癌症靶向治疗方法。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
求助全文
约1分钟内获得全文 求助全文
来源期刊
Current Nutrition Reports
Current Nutrition Reports Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Food Science
CiteScore
7.70
自引率
2.00%
发文量
59
期刊介绍: This journal aims to provide comprehensive review articles that emphasize significant developments in nutrition research emerging in recent publications. By presenting clear, insightful, balanced contributions by international experts, the journal intends to discuss the influence of nutrition on major health conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and obesity, as well as the impact of nutrition on genetics, metabolic function, and public health. We accomplish this aim by appointing international authorities to serve as Section Editors in key subject areas across the field. Section Editors select topics for which leading experts contribute comprehensive review articles that emphasize new developments and recently published papers of major importance, highlighted by annotated reference lists. We also provide commentaries from well-known figures in the field, and an Editorial Board of more than 25 internationally diverse members reviews the annual table of contents, suggests topics of special importance to their country/region, and ensures that topics and current and include emerging research.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信