Evidence for Simultaneous Muscle Atrophy and Hypertrophy in Response to Resistance Training in Humans.

IF 4.1 2区医学 Q1 SPORT SCIENCES

Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-01 DOI:10.1249/MSS.0000000000003475

Kim VAN Vossel, Julie Hardeel, Thibaux VAN DER Stede, Tom Cools, Jonas Vandecauter, Lynn Vanhaecke, Jan Boone, Silvia Salinas Blemker, Eline Lievens, Wim Derave

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Purpose: Human skeletal muscle has the profound ability to hypertrophy in response to resistance training (RT). However, this has a high energy and protein cost and is presumably mainly restricted to recruited muscles. It remains largely unknown what happens with nonrecruited muscles during RT. This study investigated the volume changes of 17 recruited and 13 nonrecruited muscles during a 10-wk single-joint RT program targeting upper arm and upper leg musculature.

Methods: Muscle volume changes were measured by manual or automatic 3D segmentation in 21 RT novices. Subjects ate ad libitum during the study and energy and protein intake were assessed by self-reported diaries.

Results: Posttraining, all recruited muscles increased in volume (range: +2.2% to +17.7%, P < 0.05), whereas the nonrecruited adductor magnus (mean: -1.5% ± 3.1%, P = 0.038) and soleus (-2.4% ± 2.3%, P = 0.0004) decreased in volume. Net muscle growth ( r = 0.453, P = 0.045) and changes in adductor magnus volume ( r = 0.450, P = 0.047) were positively associated with protein intake. Changes in total nonrecruited muscle volume ( r = 0.469, P = 0.037), adductor magnus ( r = 0.640, P = 0.002), adductor longus ( r = 0.465, P = 0.039), and soleus muscle volume ( r = 0.481, P = 0.032) were positively related to energy intake. When subjects were divided into a HIGH or LOW energy intake group, overall nonrecruited muscle volume (-1.7% ± 2.0%), adductor longus (-5.6% ± 3.7%), adductor magnus (-2.8% ± 2.4%), and soleus volume (-3.7% ± 1.8%) decreased significantly ( P < 0.05) in the LOW but not the HIGH group.

Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first study documenting that some nonrecruited muscles significantly atrophy during a period of RT. Our data therefore suggest muscle mass reallocation, that is, that hypertrophy in recruited muscles takes place at the expense of atrophy in nonrecruited muscles, especially when energy and protein availability are limited.

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人类肌肉同时萎缩和肥大以应对阻力训练的证据

目的：人体骨骼肌在抗阻力训练（RT）中具有极强的肥大能力。然而，这需要高能量和蛋白质成本，而且可能主要局限于招募肌肉。在阻力训练过程中，非招募肌肉会发生什么变化，目前仍是一个未知数。本研究调查了在为期 10 周、针对上臂和上肢肌肉组织的单关节 RT 计划中，17 块招募肌肉和 13 块非招募肌肉的体积变化：通过手动或自动 3D 分割测量 21 名 RT 新手的肌肉体积变化。研究期间，受试者自由进食，能量和蛋白质摄入量通过自我报告日记进行评估：结果：训练后，所有招募肌肉的体积都增加了（范围：+2.2% 至 +17.7%，p < 0.05），而未招募的内收肌（平均：-1.5 ± 3.1%，p = 0.038）和比目鱼肌（-2.4 ± 2.3%，p = 0.0004）的体积减少了。肌肉净增长（r = 0.453，p = 0.045）和内收肌体积变化（r = 0.450，p = 0.047）与蛋白质摄入量呈正相关。非募集肌肉总体积（r = 0.469，p = 0.037）、大内收肌（r = 0.640，p = 0.002）、长内收肌（r = 0.465，p = 0.039）和比目鱼肌体积（r = 0.481，p = 0.032）的变化与能量摄入呈正相关（p < 0.05）。当受试者被分为高能量摄入组和低能量摄入组时，低能量摄入组（-1.7±2.0%）、长内收肌（-5.6±3.7%）、大内收肌（-2.8±2.4%）和比目鱼肌（-3.7±1.8%）的整体非募集肌肉体积显著减少（p < 0.05），而高能量摄入组没有减少：据我们所知，这是第一项记录某些非招募肌肉在阻力训练期间明显萎缩的研究。因此，我们的数据表明，肌肉质量重新分配，即招募肌肉的肥大是以非招募肌肉的萎缩为代价的，尤其是在能量和蛋白质供应有限的情况下。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 医学-运动科学

CiteScore

7.70

自引率

4.90%

发文量

2568

审稿时长

1 months

期刊介绍： Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise® features original investigations, clinical studies, and comprehensive reviews on current topics in sports medicine and exercise science. With this leading multidisciplinary journal, exercise physiologists, physiatrists, physical therapists, team physicians, and athletic trainers get a vital exchange of information from basic and applied science, medicine, education, and allied health fields.