Follow-Up and Comparative Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 IgA, IgG, Neutralizing, and Total Antibody Responses After BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 Heterologous Booster Vaccination

IF 4.3 4区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses Pub Date : 2024-05-06 DOI:10.1111/irv.13290

Salma Younes, Eleonora Nicolai, Massimo Pieri, Sergio Bernardini, Hanin I. Daas, Duaa W. Al-Sadeq, Nadin Younes, Farah M. Shurrab, Parveen B. Nizamuddin, Fathima Humaira, Nader Al-Dewik, Hadi M. Yassine, Laith J. Abu-Raddad, Ahmed Ismail, Gheyath K. Nasrallah

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Abstract

Background

Priming with ChAdOx1 followed by heterologous boosting is considered in several countries. Nevertheless, analyses comparing the immunogenicity of heterologous booster to homologous primary vaccination regimens and natural infection are lacking. In this study, we aimed to conduct a comparative assessment of the immunogenicity between homologous primary vaccination regimens and heterologous prime-boost vaccination using BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273.

Methods

We matched vaccinated naïve (VN) individuals (n = 673) with partial vaccination (n = 64), primary vaccination (n = 590), and primary series plus mRNA vaccine heterologous booster (n = 19) with unvaccinated naturally infected (NI) individuals with a documented primary SARS-CoV-2 infection (n = 206). We measured the levels of neutralizing total antibodies (NTAbs), total antibodies (TAbs), anti-S-RBD IgG, and anti-S1 IgA titers.

Results

Homologous primary vaccination with ChAdOx1 not only showed less potent NTAb, TAb, anti-S-RBD IgG, and anti-S1 IgA immune responses compared to primary BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 vaccination regimens (p < 0.05) but also showed ~3-fold less anti-S1 IgA response compared to infection-induced immunity (p < 0.001). Nevertheless, a heterologous booster led to an increase of ~12 times in the immune response when compared to two consecutive homologous ChAdOx1 immunizations. Furthermore, correlation analyses revealed that both anti-S-RBD IgG and anti-S1 IgA significantly contributed to virus neutralization among NI individuals, particularly in symptomatic and pauci-symptomatic individuals, whereas among VN individuals, anti-S-RBD IgG was the main contributor to virus neutralization.

Conclusion

The results emphasize the potential benefit of using heterologous mRNA boosters to increase antibody levels and neutralizing capacity particularly in patients who received primary vaccination with ChAdOx1.

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BNT162b2 或 mRNA-1273 异源加强免疫后 SARS-CoV-2 IgA、IgG、中和及总抗体反应的随访和比较评估

背景一些国家考虑先用 ChAdOx1 进行初免，然后再进行异源加强免疫。然而，目前还缺乏将异源强化免疫与同源初免接种方案和自然感染的免疫原性进行比较的分析。在本研究中，我们旨在对同源初免方案和使用 BNT162b2 或 mRNA-1273 的异源初免-加强免疫方案的免疫原性进行比较评估。方法我们将接种过部分疫苗（64 人）、初次接种疫苗（590 人）和初次接种系列加 mRNA 疫苗异源增强剂（19 人）的未接种疫苗自然感染 (NI) 者（206 人）与接种过部分疫苗（64 人）、初次接种疫苗（590 人）和初次接种系列加 mRNA 疫苗异源增强剂（19 人）的 SARS-CoV-2 初次感染者（206 人）进行配对。我们测量了中和总抗体 (NTAbs)、总抗体 (TAbs)、抗 S-RBD IgG 和抗 S1 IgA 滴度的水平。结果与 BNT162b2 或 mRNA-1273 疫苗初次接种方案相比，ChAdOx1 的同源初次接种不仅显示出较低的 NTAb、TAb、抗-S-RBD IgG 和抗-S1 IgA 免疫反应（p < 0.05），而且与感染诱导免疫相比，抗-S1 IgA 反应也低约 3 倍（p < 0.001）。然而，与连续两次同源 ChAdOx1 免疫接种相比，异源强化免疫接种可使免疫反应增加约 12 倍。此外，相关分析表明，抗 S-RBD IgG 和抗 S1 IgA 对 NI 患者的病毒中和有显著作用，尤其是在无症状和症状较轻的患者中；而在 VN 患者中，抗 S-RBD IgG 是病毒中和的主要因素。结论这些结果强调了使用异源 mRNA 增强剂提高抗体水平和中和能力的潜在益处，尤其是在接受 ChAdOx1 初次接种的患者中。

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来源期刊

Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 医学-病毒学

CiteScore

7.20

自引率

4.50%

发文量

120

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses is the official journal of the International Society of Influenza and Other Respiratory Virus Diseases - an independent scientific professional society - dedicated to promoting the prevention, detection, treatment, and control of influenza and other respiratory virus diseases. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses is an Open Access journal. Copyright on any research article published by Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses is retained by the author(s). Authors grant Wiley a license to publish the article and identify itself as the original publisher. Authors also grant any third party the right to use the article freely as long as its integrity is maintained and its original authors, citation details and publisher are identified.