Ants of Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park in arid Australia: Diversity, faunistic composition and habitat associations

IF 2.6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY
Alan N. Andersen , Jodie Hayward , François Brassard
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Abstract

Inland Australia supports by far the world's most diverse arid-adapted ant fauna, but there are no published studies of regional ant faunas from the central arid zone. Here we describe the ants collected by pitfall trapping at 22 sites in World Heritage-listed Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park (300 mm mean annual rainfall), representing all major vegetation types from spinifex grasslands to eucalypt woodlands. A total of 154 (mostly undescribed) ant species from 26 genera were recorded, with the richest genera being Melophorus (30 species), Monomorium (26), Iridomyrmex (18) and Camponotus (12). The pattern of species accumulation suggests that many more species remain to be collected from the Park, and we estimate that the total fauna consists of around 300 species. The most abundant ants were species of Iridomyrmex (collectively contributing 76% of all ants collected), as is the case throughout arid Australia. Species of Monomorium and Melophorus were also highly abundant. No exotic species were recorded. Ant species composition was strongly related to vegetation type, with a particular distinction between the various grasslands on one hand, and woodlands on the other. Unexpectedly, species richness was higher in structurally simple spinifex grasslands than in eucalypt woodlands. The woodland fauna lacks many taxa characteristic of such habitats in similarly arid regions of southern Australia, which we attribute to remoteness and small patch size. Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park supports an extremely diverse ant fauna, but surveys of other areas are required for an improved understanding of patterns of ant biodiversity in Australia's central arid zone.

澳大利亚干旱地区乌卢鲁-卡塔曲塔国家公园的蚂蚁:多样性、动物组成和栖息地关联
迄今为止,澳大利亚内陆拥有世界上最多样化的适应干旱的蚂蚁动物群,但还没有关于中部干旱地区蚂蚁动物群的公开研究报告。在这里,我们描述了在列入世界遗产名录的乌卢鲁-卡塔曲塔国家公园(年平均降雨量为 300 毫米)的 22 个地点通过坑式诱捕法收集到的蚂蚁,这些地点代表了从桫椤草原到桉树林的所有主要植被类型。共记录了 26 个属的 154 个蚂蚁物种(大部分未被描述),其中最丰富的属是 Melophorus(30 种)、Monomorium(26 种)、Iridomyrmex(18 种)和 Camponotus(12 种)。物种积累的模式表明,公园里还有许多物种有待采集,我们估计动物群的总物种数约为 300 种。与整个澳大利亚干旱地区的情况一样,蚂蚁中数量最多的是 Iridomyrmex(占收集到的蚂蚁总数的 76%)。Monomorium和Melophorus的种类也非常丰富。没有记录到外来物种。蚂蚁的物种组成与植被类型密切相关,各种草地和林地之间的区别尤为明显。出乎意料的是,结构简单的桫椤草地上的物种丰富度要高于桉树林地。林地动物群缺乏澳大利亚南部类似干旱地区此类栖息地所特有的许多分类群,我们将其归因于地处偏远和斑块面积较小。乌卢鲁-卡塔曲塔国家公园拥有极其多样的蚂蚁动物群,但要更好地了解澳大利亚中部干旱地区的蚂蚁生物多样性模式,还需要对其他地区进行调查。
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来源期刊
Journal of Arid Environments
Journal of Arid Environments 环境科学-环境科学
CiteScore
5.70
自引率
3.70%
发文量
144
审稿时长
55 days
期刊介绍: The Journal of Arid Environments is an international journal publishing original scientific and technical research articles on physical, biological and cultural aspects of arid, semi-arid, and desert environments. As a forum of multi-disciplinary and interdisciplinary dialogue it addresses research on all aspects of arid environments and their past, present and future use.
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