Molecular detection of intestinal parasites in a rural community of Colombia: A one health approach to explore potential environmental–zoonotic transmission

IF 2.4 2区农林科学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Zoonoses and Public Health Pub Date : 2024-04-30 DOI:10.1111/zph.13138

Sergio Castañeda, Claudia Patricia Acosta, Luis Reinel Vasquez-A, Luz H. Patiño, Rojelio Mejía, Juan David Ramírez

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Aims

Protozoan and helminth parasitic infections pose significant public health challenges, especially in developing countries with rural populations marked by suboptimal hygiene practices and socio-economic constraints. The parasites are the etiological agents of these infections and have a notably elevated global prevalence. Therefore, this study focuses on estimating the frequency and transmission dynamics of several parasitic species, including Blastocystis, Giardia, Cryptosporidium spp., Entamoeba histolytica, Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, Taenia spp. and hookworms, within a rural community in southwest Colombia with a particular emphasis on the One Health framework, considering environmental and zoonotic transmission potentials.

Methods and Results

This study involved the analysis of 125 samples, encompassing human participants (n = 99), their domestic pets (dogs) (n = 24) and water sources (n = 2). Parasite detection was carried out utilizing a combination of microscopy and molecular techniques. Furthermore, the characterization of Blastocystis subtypes (STs) was achieved through Oxford Nanopore sequencing of the rRNA-18S gene. The investigation also entailed the examination of potential associations between intestinal parasitism and various sociodemographic factors. Results revealed a high frequency of parasitic infections when employing molecular methods, with Blastocystis (n = 109/87%), Giardia (n = 20/16%), Ancylostoma duodenale (n = 28/22%), Ancylostoma ceylanicum (n = 7/5.6%), E. histolytica (n = 6/4.8%), Cryptosporidium spp. (n = 12/9.6%) and even Taenia (n = 1/0.8%) detected. Cryptosporidium spp. was also identified in water samples. Coinfections were prevalent, with 57% (n = 70) of samples exhibiting single-parasite infections and 43% (n = 53) showing various degrees of polyparasitism, emphasizing the complexity of transmission dynamics. Blastocystis subtyping, conducted via Oxford Nanopore sequencing, revealed a diversity of subtypes and coexistence patterns, with ST2 being the most prevalent.

Conclusions

This research underscores the importance of using molecular techniques for frequency estimation, particularly emphasizing the relevance of zoonotic transmission in parasitic infections. It highlights the significance of the One Health approach in comprehending the circulation of parasites among animals, humans and environmental sources, thereby directly impacting public health and epidemiological surveillance.

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哥伦比亚农村社区肠道寄生虫的分子检测：探索潜在环境-动物传染病传播的一种健康方法

目的原虫和蠕虫寄生虫感染对公共卫生构成重大挑战，尤其是在发展中国家，这些国家的农村人口卫生习惯欠佳，社会经济条件有限。寄生虫是这些感染的病原体，在全球的流行率明显偏高。因此，本研究重点估算了几种寄生虫的频率和传播动态，包括布氏囊虫、贾第鞭毛虫、隐孢子虫属和组织溶解恩塔米巴虫、本研究分析了 125 份样本，包括人类参与者（99 人）、他们的家养宠物（狗）（24 人）和水源（2 人）。寄生虫检测采用显微镜和分子技术相结合的方法。此外，通过对 rRNA-18S 基因进行牛津纳米孔测序，确定了布氏囊虫亚型（ST）的特征。调查还包括研究肠道寄生虫病与各种社会人口因素之间的潜在关联。结果显示，采用分子方法检测时，寄生虫感染的频率很高，检测到了布氏囊虫（n = 109/87%）、贾第鞭毛虫（n = 20/16%）、十二指肠肛门梭菌（n = 28/22%）、塞兰肛门梭菌（n = 7/5.6%）、组织溶解性大肠杆菌（n = 6/4.8%）、隐孢子虫属（n = 12/9.6%），甚至还有泰尼亚梭菌（n = 1/0.8%）。在水样中也发现了隐孢子虫属。合并感染很普遍，57%（n = 70）的样本表现出单寄生虫感染，43%（n = 53）的样本表现出不同程度的多寄生虫感染，这强调了传播动态的复杂性。通过牛津纳米孔测序技术进行的布氏囊虫亚型分析显示了亚型和共存模式的多样性，其中 ST2 型最为普遍。它强调了 "统一健康 "方法在理解寄生虫在动物、人类和环境来源之间的循环方面的重要性，从而对公共卫生和流行病学监测产生直接影响。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Zoonoses and Public Health 医学-传染病学

CiteScore

5.30

自引率

4.20%

发文量

115

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： Zoonoses and Public Health brings together veterinary and human health researchers and policy-makers by providing a venue for publishing integrated and global approaches to zoonoses and public health. The Editors will consider papers that focus on timely collaborative and multi-disciplinary research in zoonoses and public health. This journal provides rapid publication of original papers, reviews, and potential discussion papers embracing this collaborative spirit. Papers should advance the scientific knowledge of the sources, transmission, prevention and control of zoonoses and be authored by scientists with expertise in areas such as microbiology, virology, parasitology and epidemiology. Articles that incorporate recent data into new methods, applications, or approaches (e.g. statistical modeling) which enhance public health are strongly encouraged.