Understanding the Impact of Fuel on Surfactant Microstructure of Firefighting Foam

IF 2.3 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Fire Technology Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI:10.1007/s10694-024-01577-x

Rezawana Islam, Brian Y. Lattimer

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Abstract

Aqueous film-forming foam is being phased out due to the environmental impacts of fluorinated surfactants contained in the firefighting foams. To develop an environmentally friendly firefighting foam, it is important to understand the factors controlling the firefighting performance of surfactants. Fuel transport through foam has been considered as a dominant mechanism for foam collapse. Therefore, the impact of fuels (heptane, octane and trimethylbenzene (TMB)) on surfactant microstructure was studied for three different types of surfactants (Capstone, Glucopon, and siloxane) that have applications in firefighting foam. Multiple techniques were used to identify the microstructure and interfacial properties of surfactants with and without exposure to liquid fuel. The ignition time of fuel vapor through foam and solubility of fuel through liquid surfactant solution were measured as well. This work shows fuel solubility has an impact on the surfactant microstructure and interfacial properties. In addition, fuel solubility and vapor pressure affect the ignition time of fuel vapors.

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了解燃料对消防泡沫表面活性剂微观结构的影响

由于消防泡沫中含有的含氟表面活性剂会对环境造成影响，水成膜泡沫正在被逐步淘汰。要开发环境友好型泡沫灭火剂，就必须了解控制表面活性剂灭火性能的因素。燃料在泡沫中的迁移被认为是泡沫坍塌的主要机制。因此，针对三种不同类型的表面活性剂（Capstone、Glucopon 和硅氧烷），研究了燃料（庚烷、辛烷和三甲苯（TMB））对表面活性剂微观结构的影响。使用多种技术来确定表面活性剂在接触和不接触液体燃料时的微观结构和界面特性。此外，还测量了燃料蒸汽通过泡沫的点燃时间和燃料通过液态表面活性剂溶液的溶解度。这项研究表明，燃料溶解度对表面活性剂的微观结构和界面特性有影响。此外，燃料溶解度和蒸汽压也会影响燃料蒸汽的点燃时间。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Fire Technology 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

6.60

自引率

14.70%

发文量

137

审稿时长

7.5 months

期刊介绍： Fire Technology publishes original contributions, both theoretical and empirical, that contribute to the solution of problems in fire safety science and engineering. It is the leading journal in the field, publishing applied research dealing with the full range of actual and potential fire hazards facing humans and the environment. It covers the entire domain of fire safety science and engineering problems relevant in industrial, operational, cultural, and environmental applications, including modeling, testing, detection, suppression, human behavior, wildfires, structures, and risk analysis. The aim of Fire Technology is to push forward the frontiers of knowledge and technology by encouraging interdisciplinary communication of significant technical developments in fire protection and subjects of scientific interest to the fire protection community at large. It is published in conjunction with the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) and the Society of Fire Protection Engineers (SFPE). The mission of NFPA is to help save lives and reduce loss with information, knowledge, and passion. The mission of SFPE is advancing the science and practice of fire protection engineering internationally.