Investigating the influences of precipitation, snowmelt, and freeze-thaw on rockfall in Glenwood Canyon, Colorado using terrestrial laser scanning

IF 5.8 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL
Luke Weidner, Gabriel Walton, Cameron Phillips
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Understanding the triggering factors leading to rockfall is essential in managing their risk to transportation infrastructure. Precipitation and freeze-thaw (FT) are widely studied rockfall triggers, but developing reliable, quantitative methods to forecast rockfall in response to weather events remains challenging. Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) is a powerful tool for high-accuracy modeling of rock slopes, but the frequency of scanning is often too low to correlate rockfall behavior with weather events or seasonal trends. We conducted a TLS campaign between 2017 and 2022 in Glenwood Canyon, Colorado, to investigate the seasonal variability in rockfall triggering and conditioning mechanisms. A total of 44 scans were collected over 5 years and were processed to allow for consistent detection of rockfalls larger than 0.0036 m3 in volume. Meteorological variables relating to precipitation, snowpack, and temperature were modeled using the National Weather Service SNODAS product and were used to complete an exploratory analysis of the correlation of various weather indices with rockfall rate over time. It was found that the short-term sum of liquid precipitation and snowmelt (averaged over the scanning interval or the max single-day total) was a strong predictor of rockfall volume rate between 2018 and 2020, especially in the spring and summer months; a linear model of max daily liquid was able to explain 65% of the variance (R2adj) in rockfall volume rate in March through August. This implicates springtime snowmelt and rain-on-snow events as strong predictors of rockfall at the study site. We interpret these observations to indicate that snowmelt and rainfall are acting to trigger blocks that have been conditioned (destabilized) over the preceding winter.

Abstract Image

利用地面激光扫描技术调查降水、融雪和冻融对科罗拉多州格伦伍德峡谷落石的影响
了解导致落石的诱发因素对于管理落石对交通基础设施造成的风险至关重要。降水和冻融(FT)是被广泛研究的落石诱发因素,但开发可靠的定量方法来预测天气事件引起的落石仍具有挑战性。地面激光扫描(TLS)是岩石斜坡高精度建模的强大工具,但扫描频率往往太低,无法将落石行为与天气事件或季节趋势联系起来。我们于 2017 年至 2022 年期间在科罗拉多州格伦伍德峡谷开展了一次 TLS 活动,以研究落石触发和调节机制的季节性变化。我们在 5 年中总共收集了 44 次扫描,并对扫描结果进行了处理,以便对体积大于 0.0036 立方米的落石进行一致的检测。使用国家气象局的 SNODAS 产品对降水、积雪和温度等气象变量进行了建模,并对各种气象指数与落石率随时间变化的相关性进行了探索性分析。研究发现,液态降水和融雪的短期总和(扫描区间的平均值或单日最大总量)对 2018 年至 2020 年的落石量有很强的预测作用,尤其是在春季和夏季;最大日降水量的线性模型能够解释 3 月至 8 月落石量 65% 的方差(R2adj)。这表明春季融雪和雪地降雨事件对研究地点的落石量有很强的预测作用。我们对这些观察结果的解释是,融雪和降雨的作用是触发经过前一个冬季调节(失稳)的岩块。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Landslides
Landslides 地学-地球科学综合
CiteScore
13.60
自引率
14.90%
发文量
191
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Landslides are gravitational mass movements of rock, debris or earth. They may occur in conjunction with other major natural disasters such as floods, earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. Expanding urbanization and changing land-use practices have increased the incidence of landslide disasters. Landslides as catastrophic events include human injury, loss of life and economic devastation and are studied as part of the fields of earth, water and engineering sciences. The aim of the journal Landslides is to be the common platform for the publication of integrated research on landslide processes, hazards, risk analysis, mitigation, and the protection of our cultural heritage and the environment. The journal publishes research papers, news of recent landslide events and information on the activities of the International Consortium on Landslides. - Landslide dynamics, mechanisms and processes - Landslide risk evaluation: hazard assessment, hazard mapping, and vulnerability assessment - Geological, Geotechnical, Hydrological and Geophysical modeling - Effects of meteorological, hydrological and global climatic change factors - Monitoring including remote sensing and other non-invasive systems - New technology, expert and intelligent systems - Application of GIS techniques - Rock slides, rock falls, debris flows, earth flows, and lateral spreads - Large-scale landslides, lahars and pyroclastic flows in volcanic zones - Marine and reservoir related landslides - Landslide related tsunamis and seiches - Landslide disasters in urban areas and along critical infrastructure - Landslides and natural resources - Land development and land-use practices - Landslide remedial measures / prevention works - Temporal and spatial prediction of landslides - Early warning and evacuation - Global landslide database
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