Powdery mildew effectors AVRA1 and BEC1016 target the ER J‐domain protein HvERdj3B required for immunity in barley

IF 4.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES
Zizhang Li, Valeria Velásquez‐Zapata, J. Mitch Elmore, Xuan Li, Wenjun Xie, Sohini Deb, Xiao Tian, Sagnik Banerjee, Hans J. L. Jørgensen, Carsten Pedersen, Roger P. Wise, Hans Thordal‐Christensen
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The barley powdery mildew fungus, Blumeria hordei (Bh), secretes hundreds of candidate secreted effector proteins (CSEPs) to facilitate pathogen infection and colonization. One of these, CSEP0008, is directly recognized by the barley nucleotide‐binding leucine‐rich‐repeat (NLR) receptor MLA1 and therefore is designated AVRA1. Here, we show that AVRA1 and the sequence‐unrelated Bh effector BEC1016 (CSEP0491) suppress immunity in barley. We used yeast two‐hybrid next‐generation interaction screens (Y2H‐NGIS), followed by binary Y2H and in planta protein–protein interactions studies, and identified a common barley target of AVRA1 and BEC1016, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)‐localized J‐domain protein HvERdj3B. Silencing of this ER quality control (ERQC) protein increased Bh penetration. HvERdj3B is ER luminal, and we showed using split GFP that AVRA1 and BEC1016 translocate into the ER signal peptide‐independently. Overexpression of the two effectors impeded trafficking of a vacuolar marker through the ER; silencing of HvERdj3B also exhibited this same cellular phenotype, coinciding with the effectors targeting this ERQC component. Together, these results suggest that the barley innate immunity, preventing Bh entry into epidermal cells, requires ERQC. Here, the J‐domain protein HvERdj3B appears to be essential and can be regulated by AVRA1 and BEC1016. Plant disease resistance often occurs upon direct or indirect recognition of pathogen effectors by host NLR receptors. Previous work has shown that AVRA1 is directly recognized in the cytosol by the immune receptor MLA1. We speculate that the AVRA1 J‐domain target being inside the ER, where it is inapproachable by NLRs, has forced the plant to evolve this challenging direct recognition.
白粉病效应物 AVRA1 和 BEC1016 靶向大麦免疫所需的 ER J 域蛋白 HvERdj3B
大麦白粉菌(Bh)会分泌数百种候选分泌效应蛋白(CSEPs),以促进病原体的感染和定殖。其中的 CSEP0008 可被大麦核苷酸结合亮氨酸-富复性(NLR)受体 MLA1 直接识别,因此被命名为 AVRA1。在这里,我们发现 AVRA1 和序列不相关的 Bh 效应子 BEC1016(CSEP0491)抑制了大麦的免疫力。我们使用酵母双杂交下一代相互作用筛选(Y2H-NGIS),然后进行二元 Y2H 和植物体内蛋白质相互作用研究,发现了 AVRA1 和 BEC1016 的共同大麦靶标,即内质网(ER)定位的 J-域蛋白 HvERdj3B。这种ER质量控制(ERQC)蛋白的沉默增加了Bh的穿透力。HvERdj3B是ER管腔蛋白,我们使用分裂GFP表明,AVRA1和BEC1016转位到ER信号肽是独立的。这两种效应物的过表达阻碍了空泡标记物通过ER的迁移;沉默HvERdj3B也表现出同样的细胞表型,这与效应物靶向ERQC成分的情况相吻合。这些结果表明,大麦的先天性免疫需要 ERQC 才能阻止 Bh 进入表皮细胞。在这里,J-domain 蛋白 HvERdj3B 似乎是必不可少的,并能受到 AVRA1 和 BEC1016 的调控。宿主 NLR 受体直接或间接识别病原体效应物通常会产生植物抗病性。先前的研究表明,AVRA1 可在细胞质中被免疫受体 MLA1 直接识别。我们推测,AVRA1 J-domain靶标位于 ER 内,NLR 无法接近,这迫使植物进化出这种具有挑战性的直接识别。
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来源期刊
Molecular plant pathology
Molecular plant pathology 生物-植物科学
CiteScore
9.40
自引率
4.10%
发文量
120
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Molecular Plant Pathology is now an open access journal. Authors pay an article processing charge to publish in the journal and all articles will be freely available to anyone. BSPP members will be granted a 20% discount on article charges. The Editorial focus and policy of the journal has not be changed and the editorial team will continue to apply the same rigorous standards of peer review and acceptance criteria.
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