Salt-related gravity-driven processes in the Levant Basin, Eastern Mediterranean: Insights from physical modeling

IF 2.6 2区 地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Th. Anagnostoudi , B.C. Vendeville , V. Gaullier , O. Ferrer , U. Schattner , M. Lazar
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Abstract

The characterization of salt tectonics and its gravity-driven deformation processes are the key to a better understanding of the structural evolution of salt-bearing rifted margins. Unlike most salt basins that have experienced long-lasting deformation, the Messinian evaporites in the Levant Basin have been moderately deformed, offering the opportunity to study the early stage of salt tectonic deformation. Despite the availability of seismic reflection, borehole and bathymetrical data, some uncertainties still exist about the mechanisms responsible for the deformation and structural features observed in the deep-water Levant Basin. Our study includes physical experiments based on published seismic and structural interpretations conducted in the Levant Basin. Our physical experiments take into consideration the main driving parameters that controlled the development of the deep-water Levant Basin, testing the interplay and impact of gravity gliding and spreading from the Levant Margin, gravity spreading from the Nile Deep Sea Fan, and the influence of the passive buttress of the Eratosthenes Seamount. Deformation was imposed by depositing successive sand lobes and/or by tilting the experimental table. The physical models included a thick viscous silicone layer, analogue of the Messinian evaporitic sequence, overlain by a granular overburden, simulating the brittle clastic post-Messinian succession. Results show that the prominent gravity-driven force affecting the deformation pattern of the deep-water Levant Basin is the gravity spreading from the Nile Deep Sea Fan, whereas gravity spreading and gliding from the Levant Margin affect only the proximal to the margin areas. Additionally, the buttressing effect of the Eratosthenes Seamount and the location of the salt basin pinch-out played an important role in the final deformation pattern of this region of the Eastern Mediterranean.

东地中海黎凡特盆地与盐有关的重力驱动过程:物理建模的启示
盐构造及其重力驱动变形过程的特征是更好地了解含盐断裂边缘构造演化的关键。与大多数经历了长期变形的盐盆地不同,黎凡特盆地的麦西尼亚蒸发岩只发生了中度变形,这为研究盐构造变形的早期阶段提供了机会。尽管有地震反射、钻孔和测深数据,但在深水阆中盆地观察到的变形和构造特征的机制仍存在一些不确定性。我们的研究包括基于在黎凡特盆地进行的地震和结构解释的物理实验。我们的物理实验考虑到了控制黎凡特深水盆地发展的主要驱动参数,测试了黎凡特边缘的重力滑动和扩张、尼罗河深海扇的重力扩张以及埃拉托色尼海山被动支承的相互影响。变形是通过沉积连续的沙叶和/或倾斜实验台施加的。物理模型包括厚厚的粘性硅质层,类似于梅西尼亚蒸发岩层序,上覆颗粒状覆盖层,模拟梅西尼亚以后的脆性碎屑岩层序。结果表明,影响深水黎凡特盆地变形模式的主要重力驱动力是尼罗河深海扇的重力扩张,而黎凡特边缘的重力扩张和滑动只影响边缘近区。此外,埃拉托色尼海山的支撑作用和盐盆地夹角的位置对东地中海这一地区的最终变形模式也起了重要作用。
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来源期刊
Journal of Structural Geology
Journal of Structural Geology 地学-地球科学综合
CiteScore
6.00
自引率
19.40%
发文量
192
审稿时长
15.7 weeks
期刊介绍: The Journal of Structural Geology publishes process-oriented investigations about structural geology using appropriate combinations of analog and digital field data, seismic reflection data, satellite-derived data, geometric analysis, kinematic analysis, laboratory experiments, computer visualizations, and analogue or numerical modelling on all scales. Contributions are encouraged to draw perspectives from rheology, rock mechanics, geophysics,metamorphism, sedimentology, petroleum geology, economic geology, geodynamics, planetary geology, tectonics and neotectonics to provide a more powerful understanding of deformation processes and systems. Given the visual nature of the discipline, supplementary materials that portray the data and analysis in 3-D or quasi 3-D manners, including the use of videos, and/or graphical abstracts can significantly strengthen the impact of contributions.
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