An Assessment of the Prevalence and Risk Factors of Hypertensive Crisis in Patients Who Visited the Emergency Outpatient Department (EOPD) at Adama Hospital Medical College, Adama, Oromia, Ethiopia: A 6-Month Prospective Study

IF 1.9 4区 医学 Q3 PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE
Abel Tezera Abebe, Yabets Tesfaye Kebede, Bekri Delil Mohammed
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Abstract

Background. Over 1 billion people worldwide suffer from the common chronic medical condition of hypertension. A hypertensive crisis occurs when blood pressure exceeds 180/110 mmHg. Depending on whether the target organ is harmed, the situation may be presented as a hypertensive emergency or urgency. Objective. To assess the prevalence and risk factors of patients with hypertensive crises who visited the Emergency Outpatient Department (EOPD) at Adama Hospital Medical College in Adama, Oromia, Ethiopia, between January 01 and August 31, 2021, G.C. Methodology. A cross-sectional, prospective study on the hypertensive crisis was conducted at Adama Hospital Medical College from January 01 to August 31, 2021, G.C. The data were collected using a standardized questionnaire, validated for completeness, and analyzed using SPSS. The findings were tabulated, and conclusions and recommendations were conveyed. Result. Out of 9,082 patients who visited the EOPD during the six-month period, 444 individuals with hypertensive crises were identified, representing a prevalence of 4.9%. Of these, 56.8% were men, resulting in a M : F ratio of 1.31 : 1. Those between the ages of 66 and 75 were the most affected. At presentation, 91.0% of the study participants were known hypertensive patients. Among the known hypertensive patients, the majority (34.9%) were known to have been hypertensive for 5–10 years. Of the known hypertensive patients, 48.6% were found to be adherent. Hypertensive urgency was discovered to be far more common than hypertensive emergencies (63.5% vs. 36.5%). Headache was the most common presenting symptom, and most patients (36.5%) presented to the health setup in less than 24 hours. The main risk variables identified were drug discontinuation, family history of hypertension, salt consumption, and alcohol usage. The main excuse for the lack of adherence was the cost of the medications. More than half of the patients do not have any additional comorbidities, and of those who do, diabetes mellitus is the most prevalent. A stroke was identified as a major complication. Conclusions and Recommendations. Hypertensive crises are one of the most prevalent reasons for EOPD admission and are linked to significant consequences. At presentation, most of the study subjects were known hypertension patients. Diabetes mellitus was discovered to be a comorbid condition in one-quarter of them. Although more than half of the patients had improved, the death rate still remained high. Infrastructure and capacity building to provide hospitals with the requisite baseline investigations are among the government’s recommendations. Health practitioners are expected to make improvements, such as by educating the public about the need for lifestyle changes and evaluating and managing any hypertension problems.
埃塞俄比亚奥罗米亚州阿达玛医学院阿达玛医院急诊门诊部 (EOPD) 就诊患者高血压危机患病率和风险因素评估:一项为期 6 个月的前瞻性研究
背景。全世界有超过 10 亿人患有高血压这一常见的慢性疾病。当血压超过 180/110 mmHg 时,就会出现高血压危象。根据目标器官是否受到损害,这种情况可能被称为高血压急症或紧急状况。目的评估2021年1月1日至8月31日期间在埃塞俄比亚奥罗莫州阿达马的阿达马医院医学院急诊门诊部就诊的高血压危机患者的患病率和风险因素。使用标准化问卷收集数据,验证其完整性,并使用 SPSS 进行分析。研究结果制成表格,并提出了结论和建议。结果。在这六个月期间,共有 9 082 名患者到门诊部就诊,其中 444 人患有高血压危象,发病率为 4.9%。其中 56.8% 为男性,男女比例为 1.31:1:男女比例为 1.31 :1.年龄在 66 岁至 75 岁之间的患者发病率最高。在发病时,91.0% 的研究参与者是已知的高血压患者。在已知的高血压患者中,大多数(34.9%)已患有高血压 5-10 年。在已知的高血压患者中,有 48.6% 的人坚持服药。高血压急症的发病率远高于高血压急症(63.5% 对 36.5%)。头痛是最常见的症状,大多数患者(36.5%)在不到 24 小时内就到医疗机构就诊。发现的主要风险变量是停药、高血压家族史、盐摄入量和饮酒。不坚持服药的主要原因是药费。半数以上的患者没有任何其他并发症,在有并发症的患者中,糖尿病最为普遍。中风是主要的并发症。结论和建议。高血压危象是急诊室收治病人的最常见原因之一,并与严重后果相关。大多数研究对象在发病时都是已知的高血压患者。其中四分之一的患者合并有糖尿病。虽然一半以上的患者病情有所好转,但死亡率仍然很高。政府的建议包括进行基础设施和能力建设,为医院提供必要的基线调查。医疗从业人员也应做出改进,如教育公众改变生活方式的必要性,以及评估和管理任何高血压问题。
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来源期刊
International Journal of Hypertension
International Journal of Hypertension Medicine-Internal Medicine
CiteScore
4.00
自引率
5.30%
发文量
45
期刊介绍: International Journal of Hypertension is a peer-reviewed, Open Access journal that provides a forum for clinicians and basic scientists interested in blood pressure regulation and pathophysiology, as well as treatment and prevention of hypertension. The journal publishes original research articles, review articles, and clinical studies on the etiology and risk factors of hypertension, with a special focus on vascular biology, epidemiology, pediatric hypertension, and hypertensive nephropathy.
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