Extraction and separation of strategic precious Ag from low-grade Mn-Ag ores in China: A short review of co-leaching and selective leaching processes

IF 4.8 2区材料科学 Q1 METALLURGY & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING

Hydrometallurgy Pub Date : 2024-04-29 DOI:10.1016/j.hydromet.2024.106316

Bingbing Liu , Chunyu Han , Yizhuang Wang , Shengpeng Su , Yanfang Huang , Hu Sun , Guihong Han

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Abstract

Silver-bearing manganese ore (Mn-Ag ore) is an important resource for the extraction of the precious metal Ag. However, the efficient and economical utilization of low-grade Mn-Ag ore poses challenges due to its polymetallic co-occurrence, complex associated mineral structures, and lower Ag grade compared to an industrial Ag grade of 80 g/t. In contrast, the Ag grade of commercially viable concentrate, achieved through physicochemical beneficiation, generally exceeds 1000 g/t. This work briefly discusses the metallogeny and resource characteristics and the processing technologies of Mn-Ag ore to produce high grade Ag concentrates. Based on the metallogeny characteristics of Mn-Ag deposits, this work delves into the challenges and difficulties in the physical separation of Ag and Mn. By regulating the differences in the chemical properties of Mn and Ag constituents, chemical beneficiation processes, including unit operations of pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy, result in favorable Ag and Mn enrichment and separation. The chemical principles, technical parameters, Mn-Ag separation efficiency, and advantages and disadvantages of chemical beneficiation (blast furnace smelting, chlorination roasting, one-step leaching, and two-step leaching) were systematically summarized and discussed. This work can provide theoretical and technical guidance for the effective treatment of low-grade Mn-Ag ores.

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从中国低品位锰银矿石中提取和分离战略贵重银：共浸和选择性浸出工艺简评

含银锰矿（锰银矿）是提取贵金属银的重要资源。然而，由于多金属共生、伴生矿物结构复杂、银品位低于每吨 80 克的工业银品位，低品位锰银矿石的高效经济利用面临挑战。相比之下，通过物理化学选矿工艺获得的具有商业价值的精矿的银品位通常超过 1000 克/吨。本研究简要讨论了锰银矿的成矿和资源特征，以及生产高品位银精矿的加工技术。根据锰银矿床的成矿特征，本研究深入探讨了物理分离银和锰所面临的挑战和困难。通过调节锰和银成分的化学性质差异，化学选矿工艺（包括火法冶金和湿法冶金的单元操作）可实现有利的银锰富集和分离。系统总结和讨论了化学选矿（高炉冶炼、氯化焙烧、一步浸出和二步浸出）的化学原理、技术参数、锰银分离效率和优缺点。该研究为有效处理低品位锰银矿石提供了理论和技术指导。

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来源期刊

Hydrometallurgy 工程技术-冶金工程

CiteScore

9.50

自引率

6.40%

发文量

144

审稿时长

3.4 months

期刊介绍： Hydrometallurgy aims to compile studies on novel processes, process design, chemistry, modelling, control, economics and interfaces between unit operations, and to provide a forum for discussions on case histories and operational difficulties. Topics covered include: leaching of metal values by chemical reagents or bacterial action at ambient or elevated pressures and temperatures; separation of solids from leach liquors; removal of impurities and recovery of metal values by precipitation, ion exchange, solvent extraction, gaseous reduction, cementation, electro-winning and electro-refining; pre-treatment of ores by roasting or chemical treatments such as halogenation or reduction; recycling of reagents and treatment of effluents.