Selection of Variegated Alfalfa for Creating Intensive Varieties with High Fodder Productivity: Results and Prospects

Russian Agricultural Sciences Pub Date : 2024-04-26 DOI:10.3103/s1068367424010075

V. M. Kosolapov, E. V. Dumacheva, L. D. Sajfutdinova

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Abstract

Research was carried out in Belgorod oblast in 2019–2023 to assess the dry matter (DM) yield of selection samples of variegated alfalfa, which were obtained by repeated selection of biotypes with high fertility in the year of sowing (“juvenile samples” (JS-samples)) in comparison with the initial breeding varieties to select the best ones. The research was carried out in three randomly arranged plots in five replications. The soil is typical chernozem with a humus content (according to Tyurin) of 4.8%, pH_salt of 6.6, and P₂O₅ and K₂O content (according to Chirikov) of 122 and 180 mg/kg, respectively. The plots were double rowed with a length of 3.5 m and a row spacing width of 30 cm. Multiple selection from alfalfa varieties (Belgorodskaya 86, Krasnoyaruzhskaya 1, and Krasnoyaruzhskaya 2) has made it possible to create JS-samples (B-86, K-1, and K-2), which differ from the initial varieties in a rapid development in the first years of life. JS-samples surpassed the initial varieties in terms of DM yield by 32.1 to 36.0% (p < 0.05) in the year of sowing (mean for 2019–2021) and by 16.9–22.5% (p < 0.05) in the second year of life (mean for 2020–2022). The highest DM yield was characteristic of JS-sample K-2: 490–553 g/m² in the year of sowing (2019–2021) and 799–939 g/m² in the second year of life (2020–2022). At the same time, JS-samples sharply reduced their DM yield in the fourth year of life (mean for 2022–2023). Thus, it was 56.5% of the Belgorodskaya 86 variety for JS-sample B-86, 56.1% of the Krasnoyaruzhskaya 1 variety for JS-sample K-1, and 54.5% of the Krasnoyaruzhskaya 2 variety for JS-sample K-2. The studied JS-samples are promising for creating intensive-type varieties using grass stands of not more than 3 years of life.

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选育变种紫花苜蓿，创造饲料生产率高的集约化品种：结果与前景

摘要 2019-2023年在别尔哥罗德州开展了一项研究，目的是评估变色紫花苜蓿选择样本的干物质（DM）产量，这些样本是通过重复选择播种当年肥力较高的生物型（"幼年样本"（JS-样本））获得的，与最初的育种品种进行比较，以选出最佳品种。研究在三块随机排列的地块中进行，共五次重复。土壤是典型的切尔诺泽姆土壤，腐殖质含量（根据 Tyurin 的说法）为 4.8%，pH 值为 6.6，P2O5 和 K2O 含量（根据 Chirikov 的说法）分别为 122 毫克/千克和 180 毫克/千克。地块为双行，长 3.5 米，行距宽 30 厘米。从紫花苜蓿品种（Belgorodskaya 86、Krasnoyaruzhskaya 1 和 Krasnoyaruzhskaya 2）中进行多重选择，培育出了 JS 样本（B-86、K-1 和 K-2）。JS 样本的 DM 产量在播种当年（2019-2021 年平均值）超过初始品种 32.1% 至 36.0%（p < 0.05），在第二年（2020-2022 年平均值）超过初始品种 16.9% 至 22.5%（p < 0.05）。JS 样本 K-2 的 DM 产量最高：播种当年（2019-2021 年）为 490-553 克/平方米，第二年（2020-2022 年）为 799-939 克/平方米。同时，JS 样本在第四年（2022-2023 年的平均值）的 DM 产量急剧下降。因此，在 JS 样本 B-86 中，Belgorodskaya 86 品种的产量为 56.5%；在 JS 样本 K-1 中，Krasnoyaruzhskaya 1 品种的产量为 56.1%；在 JS 样本 K-2 中，Krasnoyaruzhskaya 2 品种的产量为 54.5%。所研究的 JS 样本很有前景，可以利用寿命不超过 3 年的草场培育集约型品种。

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Russian Agricultural Sciences

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