{"title":"Voronoi diagrams and tree structures in HRP-EE: Enhancing IoT network lifespan with WSNs","authors":"Van-Hau Nguyen, Nguyen Duy Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.adhoc.2024.103518","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Within the domain of the Internet of Things (IoT), wireless sensor networks (WSNs) play a pivotal role, facilitating advancements in sectors such as smart urban infrastructures, intelligent healthcare systems, and residential automation. Despite their versatility, WSNs grapple with challenges like limited energy reserves and constrained computational capacities, making energy conservation a paramount concern for IoT deployments underpinned by WSNs. This study introduces the Hybrid Routing Protocol for Efficient Energy (HRP-EE) designed to enhance the operational efficiency of WSNs. The HRP-EE protocol unfolds over three meticulous stages: the selection of cluster heads, the formation of clusters, and the establishment of routing pathways. Initially, the protocol evaluates nodes based on their residual energy and their Euclidean distance to the central sink (or gateway) device to designate apt cluster heads. Subsequently, these chosen cluster heads are integrated into the Voronoi diagram as central nodes to orchestrate cluster architectures. In the terminal stage, an innovative hybrid algorithm is instituted. This algorithm amalgamates the principles of the Minimum Spanning Tree for structuring intra-cluster communication trees and Dijkstra’s algorithm to ascertain the most efficient paths for inter-cluster data transmission from cluster heads to the sink device. The primary objective of this protocol is the judicious utilization of the sensor nodes’ energy, thereby optimizing the overall network longevity. To assess the proficiency of HRP-EE, we executed a series of simulations using NS2. Comparative analyses reveal that HRP-EE outperforms existing protocols such as LEACH-VA, PEGCP, and TBC, delivering superior energy efficiency, extended network lifespan, and enhanced throughput across both homogeneous and heterogeneous network architectures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55555,"journal":{"name":"Ad Hoc Networks","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4000,"publicationDate":"2024-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Ad Hoc Networks","FirstCategoryId":"94","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S157087052400129X","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Within the domain of the Internet of Things (IoT), wireless sensor networks (WSNs) play a pivotal role, facilitating advancements in sectors such as smart urban infrastructures, intelligent healthcare systems, and residential automation. Despite their versatility, WSNs grapple with challenges like limited energy reserves and constrained computational capacities, making energy conservation a paramount concern for IoT deployments underpinned by WSNs. This study introduces the Hybrid Routing Protocol for Efficient Energy (HRP-EE) designed to enhance the operational efficiency of WSNs. The HRP-EE protocol unfolds over three meticulous stages: the selection of cluster heads, the formation of clusters, and the establishment of routing pathways. Initially, the protocol evaluates nodes based on their residual energy and their Euclidean distance to the central sink (or gateway) device to designate apt cluster heads. Subsequently, these chosen cluster heads are integrated into the Voronoi diagram as central nodes to orchestrate cluster architectures. In the terminal stage, an innovative hybrid algorithm is instituted. This algorithm amalgamates the principles of the Minimum Spanning Tree for structuring intra-cluster communication trees and Dijkstra’s algorithm to ascertain the most efficient paths for inter-cluster data transmission from cluster heads to the sink device. The primary objective of this protocol is the judicious utilization of the sensor nodes’ energy, thereby optimizing the overall network longevity. To assess the proficiency of HRP-EE, we executed a series of simulations using NS2. Comparative analyses reveal that HRP-EE outperforms existing protocols such as LEACH-VA, PEGCP, and TBC, delivering superior energy efficiency, extended network lifespan, and enhanced throughput across both homogeneous and heterogeneous network architectures.
期刊介绍:
The Ad Hoc Networks is an international and archival journal providing a publication vehicle for complete coverage of all topics of interest to those involved in ad hoc and sensor networking areas. The Ad Hoc Networks considers original, high quality and unpublished contributions addressing all aspects of ad hoc and sensor networks. Specific areas of interest include, but are not limited to:
Mobile and Wireless Ad Hoc Networks
Sensor Networks
Wireless Local and Personal Area Networks
Home Networks
Ad Hoc Networks of Autonomous Intelligent Systems
Novel Architectures for Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks
Self-organizing Network Architectures and Protocols
Transport Layer Protocols
Routing protocols (unicast, multicast, geocast, etc.)
Media Access Control Techniques
Error Control Schemes
Power-Aware, Low-Power and Energy-Efficient Designs
Synchronization and Scheduling Issues
Mobility Management
Mobility-Tolerant Communication Protocols
Location Tracking and Location-based Services
Resource and Information Management
Security and Fault-Tolerance Issues
Hardware and Software Platforms, Systems, and Testbeds
Experimental and Prototype Results
Quality-of-Service Issues
Cross-Layer Interactions
Scalability Issues
Performance Analysis and Simulation of Protocols.