Desnutrición carencial al ingreso en pacientes intervenidos quirúrgicamente sobre el tubo digestivo

Abstract

Objectives

To characterize the population of critically ill patients, surgically operated on digestive tract, according to selected epidemiological, clinical and nutritional variables, as well as to determine the predictive load of the nutritional status on admission on unfavorable clinical evolution.

Design

Frame of reference and patients: An applied, explanatory, analytical cohort research was carried out from January 2023 to December 2023 in critically ill patients surgically operated on digestive tract, who were admitted to the Intensive and Intermediate Care Service of the “Saturnino Lora” Provincial Hospital in Santiago de Cuba.

Measurements

A nutritional profile was carried out, which included anthropometric, biochemical, and immunological indicators, which allowed the classification of the patients as malnourished and nourished.

Results

There was a predominance of males (51.85%), albumin was altered in 35.15% and 32.99% at admission and discharge, respectively. Acute hemorrhagic abdomen accounted for 39.51% of the total. Malnutrition was 44.44% at admission and 59.25% at discharge. The logistic regression model estimated that malnutrition at the patient's admission is a significant causal factor (p = 0.000) of unfavorable evolution in the population of patients exposed to this risk [OR = 6.95; I.C 95%: 2,55; 18,91]

Conclusions

Deficiency malnutrition on admission has a high incidence in patients surgically operated on digestive tract in the intensive care unit, who have a high probability of suffering complications during their stay, evolving unfavorably during the postoperative period.