High-Value Compounds in Papaya By-Products (Carica papaya L. var. Formosa and Aliança): Potential Sustainable Use and Exploitation

Plants Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI:10.3390/plants13071009

A. Vinha, Anabela S G Costa, Lília C Espírito Santo, D. Ferreira, Carla Sousa, Edgar Pinto, Agostinho A. Almeida, M. B. Oliveira

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Abstract

Background: Food waste is a global and growing problem that is gaining traction due to its environmental, ethical, social, and economic repercussions. Between 2022 and 2027, the worldwide papaya market is expected to have a huge increase, meaning a growth in organic waste, including peels and seeds. Thus, this study evaluated the potential use of peels and seeds of two mature papaya fruits as a source of bioactive compounds, converting these by-products into value-added products. Proximate analysis (AOAC methods), mineral content (ICP-MS), free sugars (HPLC-ELSD), fatty acid composition (GC-FID), vitamin E profile (HPLC-DAD-FLD), and antioxidant activity (DPPH and FRAP assays) were evaluated. Results: Both by-products showed high total protein (20–27%), and dietary fiber (32–38%) contents. Papaya peels presented a high ash content (14–16%), indicating a potential application as a mineral source. 14 fatty acids were detected, with α-linolenic acid (30%) as the most abundant in the peels and oleic acid (74%) in the seeds. Both by-products showed high antioxidant activity. Conclusion: Papaya by-products display great potential for industrial recovery and application, such as formulation of new functional food ingredients.

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木瓜副产品（Carica papaya L. var. Formosa and Aliança）中的高价值化合物：潜在的可持续利用和开发

背景：食物浪费是一个日益严重的全球性问题，由于其对环境、道德、社会和经济的影响，这一问题正日益受到重视。2022 年至 2027 年期间，全球木瓜市场预计将大幅增长，这意味着包括果皮和种子在内的有机废物也将增长。因此，本研究评估了两种成熟木瓜果实的果皮和种子作为生物活性化合物来源的潜在用途，将这些副产品转化为增值产品。研究评估了果皮和种子的近似分析（AOAC 方法）、矿物质含量（ICP-MS）、游离糖（HPLC-ELSD）、脂肪酸组成（GC-FID）、维生素 E 含量（HPLC-DAD-FLD）和抗氧化活性（DPPH 和 FRAP 检测）。结果显示两种副产品的总蛋白质（20-27%）和膳食纤维（32-38%）含量都很高。木瓜皮的灰分含量较高（14-16%），表明其有可能用作矿物质来源。检测到 14 种脂肪酸，果皮中含量最高的是α-亚麻酸（30%），种子中含量最高的是油酸（74%）。这两种副产品都具有很高的抗氧化活性。结论木瓜副产品具有巨大的工业回收和应用潜力，例如可用于配制新的功能性食品配料。

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Plants

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