Application of remote methods for the investigation of historical and cultural heritage objects

Abstract

Objective. The aim of the study is to propose combinations of remote research methods for objects of historical and cultural heritage in conjunction with non-invasive ground-based investigations. The study includes testing the proposed methods on various plane objects of historical and cultural heritage. Methodology. To achieve the set goal, a list of remote and non-invasive ground-based methods for comprehensive investigation of historical and cultural heritage objects was proposed. Remote methods include: satellite optical-electronic imaging, satellite radar imaging, aerial imaging (from manned aircraft and UAVs), laser scanning (terrestrial and aerial LiDAR imaging). Non-invasive ground-based research methods encompass: ground-penetrating radar imaging, ground electromagnetic tomography, ground metal detection studies. Additionally, a cartometric method was proposed as a supplementary technique. Results. The research presents graphical materials and plans resulting from investigations on fraternal burials in Brukhovychi near Lviv, fraternal burials in Nityshyn village, results of the Lviv Citadel and concentration camps research. Various types of plane historical and cultural heritage objects such as fraternal graves, defensive structure ensembles, concentration camps were chosen for the research to demonstrate how comprehensive investigations of different combinations of remote and non-invasive ground-based methods work on different objects. From the proposed general list of methods, the following were used in the research and their combinations: satellite optical-electronic imaging, satellite radar imaging, aerial imaging from manned aircraft (archival), ground-penetrating radar imaging, cartometric method. Practical Value. The application of remote methods for researching historical and cultural heritage objects has numerous practical advantages. Remote and non-invasive methods allow gathering data about objects without direct physical impact on them, crucial for objects requiring careful conservation. These methods facilitate creating virtual tours and archives, making cultural heritage information accessible to a wider audience regardless of their location. Some objects may be in remote or restricted areas; using drones, satellite imagery, and other methods allows investigating them safely and effectively. Analyzing changes in object appearance over time, identifying potential threats to them, aids in taking measures for their preservation and restoration.