Gender differences in college drinkers: A test of the precarious manhood hypothesis on drinking motivation

IF 1 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL
Jared A Davis, R. Schlauch
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Abstract

Introduction: Drinking among college students has remained a prominent problem within the United States, with more than 50% of college students drinking alcohol, 30% considered binge drinkers, and 9% considered heavy drinkers (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration [SAMHSA], 2018). Evidence also shows that men are more likely to partake in risky drinking behaviors (e.g., binge drinking or drinking to intoxication) and are at higher risk to be diagnosed with an alcohol use disorder compared with women (Grant et al., 2004; Iwamoto et al., 2014). Recent findings suggest that adherence to particular masculine norms is a risk factor for problematic alcohol use among men (Lemle & Mishkind, 1989; Iwamoto et al., 2011; Liu & Iwamoto, 2007; Locke & Mahalik, 2005; Mahalik, 2000; Peralta, 2007; Radimer & Rowan-Kenyon, 2019), and that drinking in itself may be seen as masculine. The purpose of this study was to investigate the ways gender threat can influence alcohol use motivation. Methods: Using an experimental design, the interaction of gender and gender threat in the prediction of alcohol expectancies (i.e., motivation to use) was assessed in a college sample. Furthermore, exploratory analyses were conducted to investigate the impact of adherence to masculine norms on the relationship between gender, gender threat, and alcohol motivation. Results: Results indicated that both men and women who were threatened responded similarly on most measures of anxiety/distress. Further, women who were threatened were less likely to have positive expectancies toward alcohol than women who were not threatened. Lastly, no relationship was found between adherence to masculine norms and gender threat or alcohol motivation. Discussion: These findings highlight the need for further studies to investigate the role of gender threat on alcohol motivation and expectancies within a male and female sample.
大学生饮酒者的性别差异:测试关于饮酒动机的 "岌岌可危的男子气概 "假说
导言:在美国,大学生饮酒仍是一个突出问题,50%以上的大学生饮酒,30%被认为是酗酒者,9%被认为是重度饮酒者(美国物质滥用和心理健康服务管理局 [SAMHSA],2018)。证据还显示,与女性相比,男性更有可能参与危险饮酒行为(如暴饮暴食或饮酒至醉),被诊断为酒精使用障碍的风险也更高(Grant 等人,2004 年;Iwamoto 等人,2014 年)。最近的研究结果表明,遵守特定的男性规范是男性出现问题性饮酒的一个风险因素(Lemle & Mishkind, 1989; Iwamoto et al., 2011; Liu & Iwamoto, 2007; Locke & Mahalik, 2005; Mahalik, 2000; Peralta, 2007; Radimer & Rowan-Kenyon, 2019),饮酒本身可能被视为男性行为。本研究旨在调查性别威胁如何影响饮酒动机。研究方法采用实验设计,在大学生样本中评估了性别和性别威胁在预测饮酒期望(即饮酒动机)方面的相互作用。此外,我们还进行了探索性分析,以研究遵守男性规范对性别、性别威胁和饮酒动机之间关系的影响。结果显示结果表明,受到威胁的男性和女性在大多数焦虑/压力测量中的反应相似。此外,与未受威胁的女性相比,受威胁的女性更不可能对酒精抱有积极的期望。最后,在遵守男性规范与性别威胁或酒精动机之间没有发现任何关系。讨论:这些发现强调了进一步研究性别威胁对男性和女性样本中的酒精动机和期望的作用的必要性。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
2.90
自引率
0.00%
发文量
20
期刊介绍: This journal is devoted to the application of theory and research from social psychology toward the better understanding of human adaptation and adjustment, including both the alleviation of psychological problems and distress (e.g., psychopathology) and the enhancement of psychological well-being among the psychologically healthy. Topics of interest include (but are not limited to) traditionally defined psychopathology (e.g., depression), common emotional and behavioral problems in living (e.g., conflicts in close relationships), the enhancement of subjective well-being, and the processes of psychological change in everyday life (e.g., self-regulation) and professional settings (e.g., psychotherapy and counseling). Articles reporting the results of theory-driven empirical research are given priority, but theoretical articles, review articles, clinical case studies, and essays on professional issues are also welcome. Articles describing the development of new scales (personality or otherwise) or the revision of existing scales are not appropriate for this journal.
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