Prevalence of Cervical Cancer and Premalignant Cases Based on Pap Smear Screening in Iran in 2022

Abstract

Oral or cervical cancer is caused by the abnormal growth of cells, which in 90% of cases is caused by the human papillomavirus infection. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of cervical cancer and premalignant cases based on the results of Pap smears performed in Jiroft health centers in 2022. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 440 women using a census method, and the demographic information of the people and the results of their Pap smears were recorded using a researcher- made questionnaire. The average age of the investigated women was 37.20 ± 9.09 years, with the highest frequency in the age group of 30 to 40 years (44.7%), and the average number of previous pregnancies was 3.06 ± 2.26 times, with the highest frequency observed in the group 1 to 2 times (50.6%). The average number of abortions was 0.45 ± 0.86, with the highest frequency (70.4%) related to the group that had no history of abortion. Out of 440 people examined, 6 (1.4%) with a 95% confidence interval equal to 0.50-2.94% had abnormal Pap smears. The number of pregnancies and the increase in the number of abortions can be factors influencing the incidence of cervical cancer. By performing a Pap smear screening test with early diagnosis of the disease in the early stages, it is possible to prevent the spread of this disease in the body and the transformation of these cells into cancer.