Leucemia linfocítica crônica em cão Shih-Tzu

Abstract

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) is defined as a malignant neoplasm originating from hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow, where the lymphocytes found in the circulation are mature and well-differentiated. The disease is rare in dogs and cats, and when it occurs, it typically affects elderly animals. This study presents an atypical clinical case of a two-years-old Shih Tzu diagnosed with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The clinical presentation of the patient included characteristic signs of CLL, such as lymphocytosis, lymphadenomegaly, splenomegaly, and hepatomegaly. Observed symptoms included lethargy, fatigue, panting, and enlargement of the mandibular lymph nodes. Additionally, anemia and thrombocytopenia were identified, aligning with common patterns in dogs with CLL. The diagnosis was achieved through various examinations, including ultrasound, radiography, complete blood count, serum biochemistry, cytology, and parasitological tests (4DX and leishmaniasis). However, definitive confirmation of CLL was obtained through bone marrow examination. In response to the diagnosis, therapeutic intervention followed the protocol established in the literature, involving the administration of Chlorambucil and Prednisone. The results of the applied treatments reflected positively on the patient, demonstrating clinical improvement and stability. The adopted therapeutic protocol aimed to control symptoms and prolong the life of the affected animal. The objective of this study is to contribute to epidemiological data, elucidate the pathogenic course, and seek more effective diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for CLL in dogs. The detailed investigation of this case and the dissemination of results aim to provide a solid foundation for future research, with the goal of improving the quality of life for dogs affected by chronic lymphocytic leukemia.