Bioelectrical activity in temporalis and masseter muscles across different gnathic types

E. V. Istomina, N. S. Grishina, N. Tsalikova, M. G. Grishkina
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Abstract

Relevance. Discrepancies in the bioelectrical activity of the masseter muscle were observed through surface electromyography analysis. Despite the availability of scientific literature on the morphological and anatomical variances in the mastication muscles and subcutaneous adipose tissue across different gnathic types, these differences are often overlooked in the interpretation of surface electromyography absolute values.Materials and methods. A clinical evaluation, including the measurement of craniofacial parameters and an electromyography study of the right and left temporalis (RTA and LTA) and masseter muscles (RM and LM), was conducted on 73 individuals aged 21 to 24. Subjects were categorized based on upper and lower face gnathic type indices into three groups of 10: Group 1 (brachyfacial type), Group 2 (mesofacial type), and Group 3 (dolichofacial type). The study compared the surface electromyography-derived IMPACT index and average amplitude values of the muscles across groups, alongside analyzing the correlation between electromyographic values and gnathic type indices (GPDu.f./t-t and GPDl.f./ko-ko), with statistically significant differences noted at p ≤ 0.017.Results. Differences in RM and LM parameters, and the IMPACT index during the "Maximal Voluntary Gnathic Clenching of the Jaws" (MVC) test were statistically significant among the groups. An increase in both the IMPACT index and average masseter muscle values was noted in dolichofacial subjects. Significant variations in LM values during the MVC test were observed between dolichofacial and mesofacial subjects. In the MVC test, groups 1 and 3 demonstrated a moderately strong positive correlation between the IMPACT index and GPDu.f./t-t and GPDl.f./ko-ko, while a strong positive correlation was identified between the RM parameter and GPDu.f./t-t and GPDl.f./ko-ko.Conclusion. In the MVC test, the RM and LM parameters, as well as the average IMPACT index, were notably higher in dolichofacial subjects compared to other groups. A direct correlation between the mean right masseter bioelectrical activity and the average IMPACT index with the upper and lower facial gnathic indices was observed in brachyfacial and dolichofacial subjects in the MVC test.
不同咬肌类型的颞肌和颌下肌的生物电活动
相关性。通过表面肌电图分析,观察到了咀嚼肌生物电活动的差异。尽管有科学文献介绍了不同咬肌类型的咀嚼肌和皮下脂肪组织在形态和解剖学上的差异,但在解释表面肌电图的绝对值时往往忽略了这些差异。对 73 名 21 至 24 岁的受试者进行了临床评估,包括颅面参数测量和左右颞肌(RTA 和 LTA)及颌下肌(RM 和 LM)肌电图研究。受试者根据上下脸部咬肌类型指数分为三组,每组 10 人:第一组(肱面型)、第二组(中面型)和第三组(多立面型)。研究比较了各组表面肌电图得出的 IMPACT 指数和肌肉平均振幅值,同时分析了肌电图值与咬肌类型指数(GPDu.f./t-t 和 GPDl.f./ko-ko)之间的相关性,结果表明,p ≤ 0.017 时差异有统计学意义。在 "最大自主下颌紧握"(MVC)测试中,各组之间在 RM 和 LM 参数以及 IMPACT 指数方面的差异具有统计学意义。多利克法奇受试者的 IMPACT 指数和颌下肌平均值均有所增加。在 MVC 测试中,我们观察到双颌面和中面部受试者的 LM 值有显著差异。在 MVC 测试中,第 1 组和第 3 组的 IMPACT 指数与 GPDu.f./t-t 和 GPDl.f./ko-ko 呈中度正相关,而 RM 参数与 GPDu.f./t-t 和 GPDl.f./ko-ko 呈强正相关。在 MVC 测试中,多利克法奇受试者的 RM 和 LM 参数以及平均 IMPACT 指数明显高于其他组别。在MVC测试中,观察到肱面肌和多利许面肌受试者的平均右侧颌间肌生物电活动和平均IMPACT指数与上下面部咬肌指数之间存在直接相关性。
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