The impact of conventional cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and tobacco heating systems on the oral mucosa

Abstract

Relevance. Over the past few years, the popularity of nicotine-containing substances and tobacco heating systems has continued to grow, while the demand for conventional tobacco leaf cigarettes has been falling. Electronic cigarettes consist of a heating system and a liquid with various flavorings. During the operation of the heating stick, the liquid is converted into an aerosol, which the user needs to inhale. First of all, the hot steam comes into contact with the oral cavity. The aerosol components settle on the oral mucosa, the approximal surfaces of the teeth, penetrating the body with a saliva current, expose the oral cavity to prolonged exposure, causing various changes in the oral cavity and causing discomfort to the smoker. This problem is urgent and based on the above, it is necessary to study all possible effects of cigarettes and electronic nicotine delivery systems on the human body.Purpose. To assess the impact of nicotine-containing products and smokeless tobacco on the oral mucosa.Materials and methods. A cohort of 98 patients, aged 20 to 60, was recruited for the study. Participants were divided into four groups: Group 1 consisted of conventional cigarette smokers; Group 2, users of vapes; Group 3, users of IQOS; and Group 4 included patients who used all three device types interchangeably.Results. The investigation identified a direct correlation between the participant's age, the device used, and their level of oral hygiene. The poorest oral hygiene was seen in Group 4, where individuals used a combination of conventional cigarettes, vapes, and IQOS. Although a majority acknowledged the harmful effects of tobacco products, only 33 participants were aware of the negative impacts associated with vapes and IQOS.Conclusion. The lack of regulation and awareness of the health risks associated with IQOS and vaping pose substantial challenges for healthcare, indicating a need for more research into these issues.