Theoretical Spectra of Lanthanides for Kilonovae Events: Ho I-III, Er I-IV, Tm I-V, Yb I-VI, Lu I-VII

IF 16.4 1区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
S. Nahar
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

The broad emission bump in the electromagnetic spectra observed following the detection of gravitational waves created during the kilonova event of the merging of two neutron stars in August 2017, named GW170817, has been linked to the heavy elements of lanthanides (Z = 57–71) and a new understanding of the creation of heavy elements in the r-process. The initial spectral emission bump has a wavelength range of 3000–7000 Å, thus covering the region of ultraviolet (UV) to optical (O) wavelengths, and is similar to those seen for lanthanides. Most lanthanides have a large number of closely lying energy levels, which introduce extensive sets of radiative transitions that often form broad regions of lines of significant strength. The current study explores these broad features through the photoabsorption spectroscopy of 25 lanthanide ions, Ho I-III, Er I-IV, Tm I-V, Yb I-VI, and Lu I-VII. With excitation only to a few orbitals beyond the ground configurations, we find that most of these ions cover a large number of bound levels with open 4f orbitals and produce tens to hundreds of thousands of lines that may form one or multiple broad features in the X-ray to UV, O, and infrared (IR) regions. The spectra of 25 ions are presented, indicating the presence, shapes, and wavelength regions of these features. The accuracy of the atomic data used to interpret the merger spectra is an ongoing problem. The present study aims at providing improved atomic data for the energies and transition parameters obtained using relativistic Breit–Pauli approximation implemented in the atomic structure code SUPERSTRUCTURE and predicting possible features. The present data have been benchmarked with available experimental data for the energies, transition parameters, and Ho II spectrum. The study finds that a number of ions under the present study are possible contributors to the emission bump of GW170817. All atomic data will be made available online in the NORAD-Atomic-Data database.
麒麟座事件的镧系元素理论光谱:Ho I-III、Er I-IV、Tm I-V、Yb I-VI、Lu I-VII
在2017年8月探测到两颗中子星合并过程中产生的千新星事件(命名为GW170817)引力波后,电磁波谱中观测到的宽发射凸起与重元素镧系元素(Z = 57-71)有关,并对r过程中重元素的产生有了新的认识。初始光谱发射凸起的波长范围为 3000-7000 Å,从而覆盖了紫外线(UV)到光学(O)波长的区域,与镧系元素的发射凸起相似。大多数镧系元素都有大量紧密分布的能级,这就引入了大量的辐射跃迁,通常会形成具有显著强度的宽线区域。本研究通过对 25 种镧系离子(Ho I-III、Er I-IV、Tm I-V、Yb I-VI 和 Lu I-VII)进行光吸收光谱分析,探索了这些宽广的特征。我们发现,这些离子中的大多数仅在基态之外的几个轨道上受到激发,就能覆盖大量具有开放 4f 轨道的束缚水平,并产生数万至数十万条线,这些线可能在 X 射线到紫外、O 和红外 (IR) 区域形成一条或多条宽广的特征。本文展示了 25 个离子的光谱,说明了这些特征的存在、形状和波长区域。用于解释合并光谱的原子数据的准确性一直是个问题。本研究旨在提供使用原子结构代码 SUPERSTRUCTURE 中实施的相对论布赖特-保利近似所获得的能量和转变参数的改进原子数据,并预测可能的特征。本数据已与能量、转变参数和 Ho II 光谱方面的现有实验数据进行了比对。研究发现,本研究中的一些离子可能是造成 GW170817 发射凸起的原因。所有原子数据都将在 NORAD-Atomic-Data 数据库中在线提供。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Accounts of Chemical Research
Accounts of Chemical Research 化学-化学综合
CiteScore
31.40
自引率
1.10%
发文量
312
审稿时长
2 months
期刊介绍: Accounts of Chemical Research presents short, concise and critical articles offering easy-to-read overviews of basic research and applications in all areas of chemistry and biochemistry. These short reviews focus on research from the author’s own laboratory and are designed to teach the reader about a research project. In addition, Accounts of Chemical Research publishes commentaries that give an informed opinion on a current research problem. Special Issues online are devoted to a single topic of unusual activity and significance. Accounts of Chemical Research replaces the traditional article abstract with an article "Conspectus." These entries synopsize the research affording the reader a closer look at the content and significance of an article. Through this provision of a more detailed description of the article contents, the Conspectus enhances the article's discoverability by search engines and the exposure for the research.
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