Groundwater Contamination in Arid Coastal Areas: Qatar as a Case Study.

Ground water Pub Date : 2024-04-17 DOI:10.1111/gwat.13411
B. Shomar, Rajendran Sankaran
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Abstract

The Arab region is located in an arid environment and suffers from water scarcity and poor water quality which are expected to become more severe in coming years due to global warming. In this study, the groundwater quality of 205 wells in Qatar was investigated. The physical parameters of pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), salinity, inorganic carbon (IC), and organic carbon (OC) were determined. The study characterized the concentrations of major anions of Cl, F, Br, NO3, PO4, and SO4, and major cations of Ca, K, Mg, and Na. Importantly, metals and metalloids including V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Mo, Cd, Ba, Pb, and U were determined. The results revealed that the groundwater of all wells is not drinkable due to high salinity (average TDS 4598 mg/L and salinity 0.4%, respectively). Additionally, average concentrations of major anions Cl, SO4, and F were 1472, 1064, and 1.9 mg/L, respectively, and all exceed the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for drinking water. However, NO3 concentration in 11 out of 205 wells was above the WHO guidelines of 50 mg/L due to intensive agriculture and fertilizer applications. Major cations of Ca, K, Mg, and Na were higher than WHO guidelines with average concentrations of 345, 63, 127, and 923 mg/L, respectively. All trace metals were much lower than the WHO guidelines for drinking water; however, the vanadium (V) average concentration in groundwater of all wells was 31 μg/L, which is five times higher than the Dutch guidelines (whereas the WHO has no guidelines for V). The groundwater of Qatar is dominated by Ca and Mg sulfates in Sabkha environments and dominated by NaCl in the coastal zones from evaporate environments consisting of coastal salt flats, salt pans, estuaries, and lagoons supersaturated by salts and the influence of sea water intrusion.
干旱沿海地区的地下水污染:卡塔尔案例研究。
阿拉伯地区地处干旱环境,缺水且水质较差,预计未来几年全球变暖将使这一问题变得更加严重。本研究调查了卡塔尔 205 口水井的地下水水质。测定了 pH 值、导电率 (EC)、溶解固体总量 (TDS)、盐度、无机碳 (IC) 和有机碳 (OC) 等物理参数。研究还确定了 Cl、F、Br、NO3、PO4 和 SO4 等主要阴离子以及 Ca、K、Mg 和 Na 等主要阳离子的浓度。重要的是,还测定了金属和类金属,包括 V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Se、Mo、Cd、Ba、Pb 和 U。结果显示,所有水井的地下水都因盐度过高而不能饮用(TDS 平均值为 4598 毫克/升,盐度为 0.4%)。此外,主要阴离子 Cl、SO4 和 F 的平均浓度分别为 1472、1064 和 1.9 毫克/升,均超过了世界卫生组织(WHO)的饮用水标准。然而,由于密集型农业和化肥施用,205 口水井中有 11 口井的 NO3 浓度超过了世界卫生组织的 50 毫克/升标准。主要阳离子 Ca、K、Mg 和 Na 的平均浓度分别为 345、63、127 和 923 毫克/升,高于世界卫生组织的指导标准。所有痕量金属的浓度都远远低于世界卫生组织的饮用水指南;但是,所有水井地下水中钒(V)的平均浓度为 31 微克/升,是荷兰指南的五倍(而世界卫生组织没有关于钒的指南)。卡塔尔的地下水在 Sabkha 环境中主要是钙和镁硫酸盐,在沿海地区主要是氯化钠,这 是由沿海盐滩、盐盘、河口和泻湖组成的蒸发环境中的盐分过饱和和海水入侵的影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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