Electrochemical Bio-wearables for Cortisol Monitoring

Abstract

Cortisol is a key biomarker for stress, and its measurement has historically relied on intrusive and sporadic techniques like blood or saliva samples. By offering continuous, non-invasive monitoring, electrochemical cortisol monitors: a relatively recent innovation—offer a revolutionary strategy. This viewpoint examines the development, underlying ideas, scientific developments, and possible uses of electrochemical cortisol bio-wearables. The significance of these tools for stress research, clinical application, and individualized healthcare is also highlighted.