Gender and Employment: Occupational Gender Segregation in Cities of China

Abstract

The research object of this paper is the phenomenon of occupational gender segregation in cities in China. In this paper, the current situation, influencing factors, and the negative consequences of occupational gender segregation are mainly studied, and the corresponding governance methods are put forward. First of all, the research background and significance of this paper are introduced, and related concepts are defined, including occupational gender segregation as well as its two types: horizontal segregation and vertical segregation. Next, the current situation of occupational gender segregation is analyzed, including the gender employment structure caused by horizontal segregation and the promotion obstacles and gender wage gap caused by vertical segregation. On this basis of research, the influencing factors of occupational gender segregation are discussed, including gender stereotypes, the conflict between female family roles and occupational roles as well as the factor of education. Subsequently, the consequences of occupational gender segregation are analyzed, including the negative impact on personal income, personal career development, development of industries, occupational prejudice, and social fairness and justice. Then, the governance methods are put forward from four aspects: government, enterprise, individual and media. Finally, the main research conclusions as well as the innovations and the shortcomings of this paper are summarized, and the prospect of this field is made according to the conclusions. The conclusion of this paper shows that occupational gender segregation is still widespread today, and it has a negative impact on individuals, industries, and Chinese society. Therefore, it is necessary to take various measures to reduce occupational gender segregation and achieve gender equality in employment.