Haqnawaz Rafiq, Mudasir Farooq, Seemin Rubab, Mir Hashim Rasool
{"title":"SM3+-Activated LiZnPO4 Phosphors: Synthesis, Characterization, and Their Luminescent Properties for White Light-Emitting Diode Applications","authors":"Haqnawaz Rafiq, Mudasir Farooq, Seemin Rubab, Mir Hashim Rasool","doi":"10.1007/s11664-024-11061-5","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This work presents a comprehensive analysis of the synthesis, structural–spectroscopic characterization, thermal stability, and luminescent attributes of Sm<sup>3+</sup>-activated LiZnPO<sub>4</sub> phosphors with diverse Sm<sup>3+</sup> doping percentiles that work towards developing luminescent materials for white-light-emitting diode (WLED) applications. The polycrystalline samples of LiZn<sub>(1 − <i>x</i>)</sub> Sm<sub><i>x</i></sub><sup>3+</sup>PO<sub>4</sub> (<i>x</i> = 0, 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, 0.07, 0.09, and 0.10) phosphor were synthesized using a solid-state reaction (SSR) technique. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Rietveld refinement indicate a single-phase monoclinic structure of all compositions with the C1c1 space group. Phase purity and stoichiometry of elemental composition were validated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) examination. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) images indicate irregular and nonuniform microstructures for all compositions with a mean dimension of 1.252 µm. The investigation of diffuse reflectance (DR) spectra with the Kubelka–Munk function <i>F</i>(<i>R</i><sub>∞</sub>) determines the compound's bandgap to be 3.1 eV. Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy (ToF-SIMS) indicates various ions are regularly distributed across the surface. Further, the photometric analysis reveals that the Commission Internationale de l'Éclairage (CIE) coordinates are roughly (0.55, 0.44), and color purity is greater than 82% in all compositions. These results, along with the photoluminescence (PL) spectral analysis, lifetime analysis, and thermal stability, indicate that Sm<sup>3+</sup>-doped LiZnPO<sub>4</sub> is a viable orange-red-emitting phosphor candidate for creating white-light-emitting diodes (WLEDs).</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":626,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electronic Materials","volume":"53 6","pages":"2929 - 2945"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5000,"publicationDate":"2024-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Electronic Materials","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11664-024-11061-5","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
This work presents a comprehensive analysis of the synthesis, structural–spectroscopic characterization, thermal stability, and luminescent attributes of Sm3+-activated LiZnPO4 phosphors with diverse Sm3+ doping percentiles that work towards developing luminescent materials for white-light-emitting diode (WLED) applications. The polycrystalline samples of LiZn(1 − x) Smx3+PO4 (x = 0, 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, 0.07, 0.09, and 0.10) phosphor were synthesized using a solid-state reaction (SSR) technique. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Rietveld refinement indicate a single-phase monoclinic structure of all compositions with the C1c1 space group. Phase purity and stoichiometry of elemental composition were validated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) examination. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) images indicate irregular and nonuniform microstructures for all compositions with a mean dimension of 1.252 µm. The investigation of diffuse reflectance (DR) spectra with the Kubelka–Munk function F(R∞) determines the compound's bandgap to be 3.1 eV. Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy (ToF-SIMS) indicates various ions are regularly distributed across the surface. Further, the photometric analysis reveals that the Commission Internationale de l'Éclairage (CIE) coordinates are roughly (0.55, 0.44), and color purity is greater than 82% in all compositions. These results, along with the photoluminescence (PL) spectral analysis, lifetime analysis, and thermal stability, indicate that Sm3+-doped LiZnPO4 is a viable orange-red-emitting phosphor candidate for creating white-light-emitting diodes (WLEDs).
期刊介绍：
The Journal of Electronic Materials (JEM) reports monthly on the science and technology of electronic materials, while examining new applications for semiconductors, magnetic alloys, dielectrics, nanoscale materials, and photonic materials. The journal welcomes articles on methods for preparing and evaluating the chemical, physical, electronic, and optical properties of these materials. Specific areas of interest are materials for state-of-the-art transistors, nanotechnology, electronic packaging, detectors, emitters, metallization, superconductivity, and energy applications.
Review papers on current topics enable individuals in the field of electronics to keep abreast of activities in areas peripheral to their own. JEM also selects papers from conferences such as the Electronic Materials Conference, the U.S. Workshop on the Physics and Chemistry of II-VI Materials, and the International Conference on Thermoelectrics. It benefits both specialists and non-specialists in the electronic materials field.
A journal of The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society.
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