Unraveling attrition and retention: A qualitative study with rehabilitation professionals

Work Pub Date : 2024-04-21 DOI:10.3233/wor-230531
Susanne Mak, Aliki Thomas, S. Razack, K. Root, Matthew Hunt
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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Health human resources are scarce worldwide. In occupational therapy (OT), physical therapy (PT), and speech-language pathology (S-LP), attrition and retention issues amplify this situation and contribute to the precarity of health systems. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the phenomena of attrition and retention with OTs, PTs and S-LPs who stayed in, or left their profession. METHODS: Cultural-historical activity theory provided the theoretical scaffolding for this interpretive description study. We used purposeful sampling (maximum variation approach) to recruit OTs, PTs, and S-LPs from Quebec, Canada. Individual interviews were conducted with 51 OTs, PTs, and S-LPs from Quebec, Canada, in English or French (2019–2020). Inductive and deductive approaches, and constant comparative techniques were used for data analysis. RESULTS: Six themes were developed: 1) characteristics of work that made it meaningful; 2) aspects of work that practitioners appreciate; 3) factors of daily work that weigh on a practitioner; 4) factors that contribute to managing work; 5) relationships with different stakeholders that shape daily work; and 6) perceptions of the profession. Meaningfulness was tied to participants’ sense that their values were reflected in their work. Factors outside work shaped participants’ work experiences. Recurrent negative experiences led some to leave their profession. CONCLUSION: Findings underscore a critical need to address contributing factors to attrition and retention which are essential to ensuring the availability of OTs, PTs and SLPs for present and future rehabilitation needs.
了解自然减员和留任:对康复专业人员的定性研究
背景:全球卫生人力资源稀缺。在职业疗法(OT)、物理疗法(PT)和言语病理学(S-LP)领域,自然减员和留用问题加剧了这种状况,并导致卫生系统的不稳定。目的:调查那些留在或离开其职业的职业治疗师、物理治疗师和言语语言病理师的流失和留用现象。方法:文化历史活动理论为这项解释性描述研究提供了理论支架。我们采用了有目的的抽样(最大变异法),从加拿大魁北克省招募了定向治疗师、辅助治疗师和 S-LP。我们用英语或法语对加拿大魁北克省的 51 名康复治疗师、康复护理师和 S-LPs 进行了个别访谈(2019-2020 年)。数据分析采用了归纳法、演绎法和不断比较技术。结果:形成了六个主题:1)使工作有意义的工作特点;2)从业者欣赏的工作方面;3)对从业者造成压力的日常工作因素;4)有助于管理工作的因素;5)影响日常工作的与不同利益相关者的关系;6)对职业的看法。工作的意义与参与者认为其价值观在工作中得到了体现息息相关。工作之外的因素影响了参与者的工作经历。反复出现的负面经历导致一些人离开了他们的职业。结论:研究结果强调了解决自然减员和留用的关键因素的必要性,这对于确保有足够的作业治疗师、物理治疗师和辅助语言治疗师来满足当前和未来的康复需求至关重要。
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