Cardiomyocyte Adaptation to Exercise: K+ Channels, Contractility and Ischemic Injury.

IF 4.6 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, BIOMATERIALS
Robert H. Fitts, Xinrui Wang, Wai-Meng Kwok, A. Camara
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Abstract

Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, and exercise-training (TRN) is known to reduce risk factors and protect the heart from ischemia and reperfusion injury. Though the cardioprotective effects of exercise are well-documented, underlying mechanisms are not well understood. This review highlights recent findings and focuses on cardiac factors with emphasis on K+ channel control of the action potential duration (APD), β-adrenergic and adenosine regulation of cardiomyocyte function, and mitochondrial Ca2+ regulation. TRN-induced prolongation and shortening of the APD at low and high activation rates, respectively, is discussed in the context of a reduced response of the sarcolemma delayed rectifier potassium channel (IK) and increased content and activation of the sarcolemma KATP channel. A proposed mechanism underlying the latter is presented, including the phosphatidylinositol-3kinase/protein kinase B pathway. TRN induced increases in cardiomyocyte contractility and the response to adrenergic agonists are discussed. The TRN-induced protection from reperfusion injury is highlighted by the increased content and activation of the sarcolemma KATP channel and the increased phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase-3β, which aid in preventing mitochondrial Ca2+ overload and mitochondria-triggered apoptosis. Finally, a brief section is presented on the increased incidences of atrial fibrillation associated with age and in life-long exercisers.
心肌细胞对运动的适应:K+ 通道、收缩力和缺血性损伤。
心血管疾病是发病和死亡的主要原因,而运动训练(TRN)可减少风险因素,保护心脏免受缺血和再灌注损伤。虽然运动对心脏的保护作用已得到充分证实,但其潜在机制却不甚明了。本综述将重点介绍最近的研究结果,并侧重于心脏因素,重点是 K+ 通道对动作电位持续时间(APD)的控制、β-肾上腺素能和腺苷对心肌细胞功能的调节以及线粒体 Ca2+ 的调节。TRN分别在低激活率和高激活率下诱导的APD延长和缩短,是在肌浆延迟整流钾通道(IK)反应减弱以及肌浆KATP通道含量和激活增加的背景下讨论的。本文提出了后一种情况的潜在机制,包括磷脂酰肌醇-3 激酶/蛋白激酶 B 途径。讨论了 TRN 诱导的心肌细胞收缩力增加以及对肾上腺素能激动剂的反应。TRN 诱导的对再灌注损伤的保护作用突出表现在肌浆 KATP 通道含量的增加和激活以及磷酸化糖原合酶激酶-3β 的增加,这有助于防止线粒体 Ca2+ 超载和线粒体触发的细胞凋亡。最后,还简要介绍了心房颤动发病率随年龄和终生锻炼者而增加的情况。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
ACS Applied Bio Materials
ACS Applied Bio Materials Chemistry-Chemistry (all)
CiteScore
9.40
自引率
2.10%
发文量
464
期刊介绍: ACS Applied Bio Materials is an interdisciplinary journal publishing original research covering all aspects of biomaterials and biointerfaces including and beyond the traditional biosensing, biomedical and therapeutic applications. The journal is devoted to reports of new and original experimental and theoretical research of an applied nature that integrates knowledge in the areas of materials, engineering, physics, bioscience, and chemistry into important bio applications. The journal is specifically interested in work that addresses the relationship between structure and function and assesses the stability and degradation of materials under relevant environmental and biological conditions.
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