Reduction of light shifts in a cold-atom CPT clock

Abstract

Light shifts induced during atom-light interactions significantly affect the medium- and long-term frequency stability of atomic clocks. Here, we employ composite laser pulse sequences to mitigate interrogation-induced light shifts in a cold-atom coherent-population-trapping clock. We obtain the anti-symmetry error signal via modulating the local oscillator phase in the free-evolution time of Ramsey interferometry. Utilizing this signal, we employ two feedback loops to simultaneously eliminate light shifts and stabilize the clock frequency using the auto-balanced Ramsey spectroscopy scheme. Our experimental results demonstrate that this approach can reduce the clock frequency's sensitivity to variations in light shifts by implementing four Ramsey sub-sequences. Furthermore, we show that the auto-balanced Ramsey spectroscopy scheme enhances the long-term frequency stability of the atomic clock when the averaging time $\tau>5000$ s.